e40vappza
No. 812-13561
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO
APPLICATION FOR AN ORDER PURSUANT TO SECTION 6(c)
OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 GRANTING AN EXEMPTION
FROM SECTION 12(d)(3) OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
ALLIED CAPITAL CORPORATION
1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20006-3434
(202) 721-6100
Callidus Capital Management, LLC
520 Madison Avenue, 27th Floor
New York, NY 10022
(212) 893-6980
All Communications, Notices and Orders to:
John M. Scheurer
Chief Executive Officer and President
Allied Capital Corporation
1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20006-3434
Copies to:
Steven B. Boehm, Esquire
Cynthia M. Krus, Esquire
Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP
1275 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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In the Matter of:
ALLIED CAPITAL CORPORATION
1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20006-3434
Callidus Capital Management, LLC
520 Madison Avenue
27th Floor
New York, NY 10022
File No. 812-13561
Investment Company Act of 1940
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AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO
APPLICATION FOR AN ORDER PURSUANT TO
SECTION 6(c) OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY
ACT OF 1940 GRANTING AN EXEMPTION FROM
THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 12(d)(3) OF THE
INVESTMENT COMPANY
ACT OF 1940 |
I. INTRODUCTION
Allied Capital Corporation (the Company), an internally managed, non-diversified, closed-end
management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company
(BDC)1 under Section 54(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the
1940 Act), hereby applies for an order (the Order) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (the Commission) pursuant to Section 6(c) of the 1940 Act2 granting an
exemption from the provisions of Section 12(d)(3), to the extent necessary, to permit the Company
to hold up to 100% of the outstanding voting equity interests of its portfolio company, Callidus
Capital Management, LLC (Callidus) should Callidus be required to
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1 |
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Section 2(a)(48) of the 1940 Act defines a BDC to be
any closed-end investment company that operates for the purpose of making
investments in securities described in Sections 55(a)(1) through 55(a)(3) of
the 1940 Act, makes available significant managerial assistance with respect to
the issuers of such securities and has elected to be subject to the provisions
of Sections 55 through 65 of the 1940 Act. |
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2 |
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Unless otherwise indicated, all section references
herein are to the 1940 Act. |
register as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the Advisers
Act), or should Callidus establish one or more majority-owned subsidiaries which may register with
the Commission as investment advisers.
Callidus is an independently managed portfolio company of the Company. The Company originally
invested in Callidus in 2003. The Company currently owns 100% of the voting equity interests of
Callidus.3 Callidus currently manages a series of nine highly structured funds and also
acts as a special manager to another fund managed by the Company.4 In addition,
Callidus provides certain portfolio administration services to five additional funds managed by the
Company. Callidus plans to continue to increase the number of funds under management such that
Callidus anticipates that it will need to register as an investment adviser with the
Commission.5 In addition, Callidus may, from time to time, deem it appropriate to
establish majority-owned subsidiaries through which to manage one or more funds. One or more of
such majority-owned subsidiaries may register with the Commission as investment advisers.
The Company believes the requested relief is in the public interest and consistent with the
protection of investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policy and provisions of the 1940
Act. As discussed in greater detail in Section IV.C, below, the Commission has granted relief
similar to that being requested here to Baker, Fentress & Company, PMC Capital Inc., Broad Street
Investing Corporation, and General American Investors Company, Inc.
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3 |
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The Company owns 100% of Callidus Capital Corporation
through which it owns Callidus. |
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4 |
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Callidus acts as special manager to the Allied Capital
Senior Debt Fund, L.P., which is managed by the Company through its wholly
owned subsidiary, A.C. Corporation. |
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5 |
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Callidus currently relies on the exemption set forth in
Section 203(b)(3) of the Advisers Act that an investment adviser with fewer
than 15 clients is not required to register. Callidus will register as an
investment adviser, if required to do so under the Advisers Act. |
2
II. THE COMPANY
The Company, a Maryland corporation, is an internally managed, non-diversified, closed-end
management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The
Company has participated in the private equity business since it was founded in 1958 and has
operated as a public company since 1960. The Company provides long-term debt and equity capital to
primarily private middle market companies in a variety of industries. Since its founding, the
Company has invested more than $13 billion in thousands of companies nationwide. The Company is
headquartered in Washington, DC.
As
of March 31, 2009, the Companys private finance portfolio
included investments in 132 companies that generate aggregate annual
revenues of over $12 billion and employ more than
75,000 people. The Company has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a
regulated investment company (RIC) within the meaning of Section 851 of the Internal Revenue Code
(the Code), to be entitled to the benefits accorded under Subchapter M of the Code (Subchapter
M). Shares of the Companys common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol ALD. As of March 31, 2009, there were 178,691,875 shares of the Companys common stock
issued and outstanding.
The Companys primary investment objective is to achieve current income and capital gains. In
order to achieve this objective, the Company primarily invests in debt and equity securities of
private companies in a variety of industries. However, from time to time, the Company may invest
in companies that are public but generally lack access to additional public capital. The Companys
investments are generally long-term in nature and privately negotiated, and no readily available
market exists for them. This makes the Companys investments highly illiquid and, as a result, they
cannot be readily traded.
3
Debt investments may include senior loans, unitranche debt (an instrument that combines both
senior and subordinated financing, generally in a first lien position), or subordinated debt (with
or without equity features). The Company may make equity investments in portfolio companies, or may
receive equity features, such as nominal cost warrants, in conjunction with its debt investments.
The Company may underwrite or arrange senior loans related to its portfolio investments or for
other companies that are not in its portfolio and may earn a fee for such activities. Senior loans
underwritten or arranged by the Company may or may not be funded by the Company at closing. When
these senior loans are closed, the Company may fund all or a portion of the underwritten commitment
pending sale of the loan to other investors, which may include loan sales to Callidus, funds
managed by Callidus or funds managed by the Company. After completion of the loan sales, the
Company may or may not retain a position in these senior loans. The Company generally earns a fee
on the senior loans its underwrites or arranges whether or not it funds the underwritten
commitment.
The Company may also invest in the bonds or preferred shares/income notes of collateralized
loan obligations (CLOs) or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), where the underlying collateral
pool consists of senior loans, including CLOs and CDOs managed by Callidus or by the Company. As
of March 31, 2009, the Company held investments in eight funds managed by Callidus:
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($ In Thousands) |
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3/31/09 |
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3/31/09 |
CLO |
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Investment |
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Cost |
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Value |
Callidus Debt Partners CDO Fund I, Ltd. |
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Class C Notes |
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$ |
18,907 |
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$ |
11,108 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CDO Fund I, Ltd. |
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Class D Notes |
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9,454 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund III, Ltd. |
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Preferred Shares |
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20,138 |
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6,360 |
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Callidus MAPS CLO Fund I LLC |
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Class E Notes |
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17,000 |
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11,120 |
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Callidus MAPS CLO Fund I LLC |
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Income Notes |
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43,814 |
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13,428 |
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4
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($ In Thousands) |
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3/31/09 |
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3/31/09 |
CLO |
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Investment |
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Cost |
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Value |
Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund IV, Ltd. |
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Class D Notes |
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2,074 |
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1,607 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund IV, Ltd. |
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Income Notes |
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15,040 |
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5,487 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund V, Ltd. |
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Income Notes |
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13,631 |
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6,924 |
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Callidus MAPS CLO Fund II, Ltd. |
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Class D Notes |
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3,615 |
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3,005 |
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Callidus MAPS CLO Fund II, Ltd. |
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Income Notes |
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18,804 |
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4,401 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VI, Ltd. |
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Class D Notes |
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7,180 |
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4,004 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VI, Ltd. |
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Income Notes |
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28,954 |
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8,708 |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VII, Ltd. |
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Income Notes |
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24,688 |
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10,520 |
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$ |
223,299 |
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$ |
86,672 |
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The
various funds managed by Callidus have investments in 19 companies that also have
received investment from the Company, or approximately 4% of the value of
the underlying investments in all of the funds managed by Callidus.
In addition to managing its own assets, the Company manages certain funds that also invest in
the debt and equity securities of primarily private middle market companies in a variety of
industries (together, the Managed Funds). As of March 31, 2009, the funds managed by the Company
had total assets of $3.2 billion. Callidus provides services to certain of the Managed Funds. The
Company and its subsidiaries have engaged Callidus to provide portfolio administration services in
connection with the management of certain of the Managed Funds. Callidus manages a database of
information related to the performance and financial metrics of the underlying collateral assets in
certain of the Managed Funds, and provides reports, schedules and other data related to the
underlying assets that the Company, as collateral manager, is required to prepare and provide under
the Managed Funds operative documents. Callidus also assists the Company to identify and transact
with counterparties for the potential purchase or sale of underlying collateral and may facilitate
such trades upon request. At the request of the Company, Callidus may also help the manager
with its monitoring of adherence to
5
the Managed Funds operative documents, and may
assist in the preparation of trade tickets, assignment agreements, and other trade-related
documentation.
During 2007, the Company established the Unitranche Fund LLC (now known as the Senior Secured
Loan Fund LLC) and the Allied Capital Senior Debt Fund, L.P. In the first quarter of 2008, the
Company formed the AGILE Fund I, LLC and assumed the management of Knightsbridge CLO 2007-1 Ltd. In
the second quarter of 2008, the Company formed Knightsbridge CLO 2008-1 Ltd. In the first quarter
of 2009, the Company acquired the management contracts of three middle market senior debt CLOs
(together, the Emporia Funds) and certain other related assets. The Companys responsibilities
to the Managed Funds may include origination, underwriting, and portfolio monitoring and
development services consistent with the activities that it performs for its portfolio. Each of the
Managed Funds may separately invest in the debt or equity of a company depending on each funds
investment strategy and other factors. The Companys portfolio may include debt or equity
investments issued by the same portfolio company as investments held by one or more Managed Funds,
and these investments may be senior, pari passu or junior to the debt and equity investments held
by the Managed Funds. The Company may or may not participate in investments made by investment
funds managed by the Company or one of its affiliates.
A. The Companys Management and Board of Directors
The Company is internally managed and, thus, does not currently have an external investment
adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(20). The Company is overseen by a 13-member board of
directors (the Board) of whom nine are not considered interested persons of the Company within
the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) (the non-interested directors) and four
6
are considered interested
persons of the Company within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) (the interested directors).
The Board is actively involved in the oversight of the Companys affairs and the
Company relies extensively on the judgment and experience of its directors. The Board also has
several specialized committees, including the Audit Committee, Executive Committee, Compensation
Committee, Corporate Governance/ Nominating Committee, and Board Investment Review Committee.
Management of the Company is responsible for the oversight and management of the Companys
investment portfolio. In addition, the Board Investment Review Committee approves certain
investment decisions.
In a typical transaction, the Companys management reviews, analyzes, and substantiates
through due diligence, the business plan and operations of the prospective portfolio company. The
Company performs financial and operational due diligence, studies the industry and competitive
landscape, and conducts reference checks with company management or other employees, customers,
suppliers, and competitors, as necessary. The Company may work with external consultants, including
accounting firms and industry or operational consultants, in performing due diligence and in
monitoring its portfolio investments.
Once a prospective portfolio company is determined to be suitable for investment, the Company
works with the management and the other capital providers, including senior, junior, and equity
capital providers, to structure a transaction. The Companys investments are tailored to the facts
and circumstances of each deal. The Company has a centralized, credit-based approval process for
its investments. The key steps in the Companys investment process are:
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Initial investment screening; |
7
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Initial investment approval; |
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Due diligence, structuring and negotiation; |
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Internal review of diligence results, including peer review; |
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Final investment approval; |
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Approval by the Investment Review Committee of the Board of Directors for
all debt investments that represent a commitment equal to or greater than $20
million and every buyout transaction; and |
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Funding of the investment. |
B. Callidus
Callidus is a specialized asset management company focused on managing and structuring
investments in collateralized senior loan obligations, collateralized debt obligations and other
related investments. Callidus is a limited liability company organized in the state of Delaware.
Callidus is 100% owned by Callidus Capital Corp. (a Delaware corporation), which is in turn 100%
owned by Allied Capital Corporation. The Company holds Callidus through Callidus Capital Corp. for
purposes of limiting liability. The Company initially acquired approximately 80% of the voting
equity interests of Callidus through Callidus Capital Corp. for $4.9 million in 2003. At that
time, Callidus had $700 million in assets under management through two funds. Since its initial
investment, the Company has continued to invest in Callidus through additional debt and equity
investments.
On August 31, 2008, the Company, through Callidus Capital Corp., acquired the remaining 20%
equity interests in Callidus from the management of Callidus for an implied enterprise valuation of
$64 million (equity value of $50 million with outstanding debt
8
representing the remaining
value).6 As part of the transaction, Callidus adopted a new incentive
plan under which it may grant to participants unit appreciation rights or UARs that
replicate the appreciation in value from the date of grant of a corresponding number of limited
liability company units of Callidus (up to a maximum of 6.25% of the equity of Callidus). Each
UAR has an exercise price equal to the fair market value of one limited liability company unit of
Callidus on the date of grant and, subject to certain vesting and other restrictions, may be
settled only in cash. UARs are generally non-transferable and have no voting or other rights
associated with equity of Callidus.7
At March 31, 2009 the Companys investment in Callidus was as follows:
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($ In Thousands) |
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Cost |
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Value |
Subordinated Debt |
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16,203 |
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16,203 |
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Common Stock |
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27,705 |
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$ |
16,203 |
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$ |
43,908 |
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Over the course of the past five years, Callidus has grown its assets under management to
approximately $3.5 billion. Three of the founders of Callidus currently manage Callidus with the support of several
investment professionals. Callidus currently manages a series of nine highly structured funds and
also acts as special manager to another fund managed by the Company. In addition, Callidus may,
from time to time, deem it appropriate to establish majority-owned subsidiaries through which to
manage one or more funds. One or more of such majority-owned subsidiaries may register with the
Commission as investment advisers.
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6 |
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The Company financed Callidus Capital Corporations
purchase with a $22.5 million note, of which $16.2 million was funded at
March 31, 2009. The remaining obligation for the purchase price will be paid
in installments. |
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7 |
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The unit appreciation rights serve as an incentive to
enable management to share in 6.25% of the expected further appreciation in the
value of Callidus equity securities over time. |
9
As of March 31, 2009, Callidus operations consisted of managing nine investment funds with
total assets of approximately $3.5 billion, the objective of each of which is to generate
income from debt investments:
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(1) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CDO Fund I, Ltd. (CDO I) is a fund raised in 2001 for
$400.5 million that invests primarily in high yield bonds and broadly syndicated senior
secured loans. |
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(2) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund II, Ltd. (CLO II) is a fund raised in 2003
for $300 million that invests primarily in broadly syndicated senior secured loans and
a limited number of high yield bonds. |
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(3) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund III, Ltd. (CLO III) is a fund raised in 2004
for $400 million that invests primarily in broadly syndicated senior secured loans and
a limited number of high yield bonds. |
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(4) |
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Callidus MAPS CLO Fund I (MAPS I) is a fund raised in 2005 for $408.2 million
that invests in middle market senior secured loans and second lien loans. |
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(5) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund IV, Ltd. (CLO IV) is a fund raised in 2006
for $515 million that invests primarily in broadly syndicated senior secured loans. |
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(6) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund V, Ltd. (CLO V) is a fund raised in 2006 for
$410.4 million that invests primarily in broadly syndicated senior secured loans. |
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(7) |
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Callidus MAPS CLO Fund II (MAPS II) is a fund raised in 2007 for $400 million
that invests in middle market senior secured loans and in broadly syndicated senior
secured loans. |
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(8) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VI, Ltd. (CLO VI) is a fund raised in 2007
for $400 million that invests primarily in broadly syndicated senior secured loans. |
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(9) |
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Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VII, Ltd. (CLO VII) is a fund raised in 2007
for $600 million that invests primarily in broadly syndicated senior secured loans. |
Callidus is compensated for managing these funds through a management fee and a
performance-based incentive fee. The management fees paid to Callidus for managing these funds
range from 0.40% to 0.75%, and the incentive fees range from 20% to 30% of available cash flows
after the managed funds have achieved targeted returns ranging from 12% to 15%.
In addition, Callidus acts as special manager for various administrative functions to the
10
Allied Capital Senior Debt Fund, which invests primarily in senior debt positions. A.C.
Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company, acts as manager to the Allied Capital Senior Debt
Fund. A.C. Corporation earns a management fee of up to 2% of the committed equity capital of
this fund and pays Callidus 25% of that management fee to compensate Callidus for its role as
special manager. The Company currently pays fees to Callidus ranging from 0.06%
to 0.10% of assets under management for
certain administrative functions it provides related to certain other Managed Funds. No Callidus
employees receive any compensation from the Company or its affiliates other than from Callidus.
Callidus investment activity operates separate and apart from the Companys investment
activity. There is no overlap in credit approval processes. From time to time, the Company or the
Managed Funds may choose to sell assets, and Callidus may independently determine that it is in the
best interests of one or more of the Callidus managed funds to acquire such assets, and such
decision would be made through the Callidus investment committee process which does not include any
representatives from the Company. While assets may be offered to Callidus by the Company, Callidus
management, pursuant to its credit selection process, makes the decision as to whether such asset
should be acquired. There is no obligation of any kind for Callidus to acquire such assets from
the Company. As a result, the Company has no ability to control or influence the investment
origination or exit activities of the Callidus managed funds. The results of Callidus investment
sourcing or exit activities are only known to the Company after the fact, and only if Callidus were
to prepare detailed portfolio activity reports for the benefit of Callidus board of directors.
Because the Company and Callidus each conduct separate investment sourcing, portfolio
management, and asset monitoring activities for their separate portfolios, it is unlikely that
11
conflicts of interest between the two companies will occur. The Callidus credit review committee
is composed entirely of Callidus employees; the Companys credit review committees
are composed entirely of the Companys employees. Moreover, the Callidus board of directors is
not involved in the day to day management of the Callidus managed funds portfolios or Callidus as
the asset manager. Callidus provides regular reporting to the Company regarding the current
performance of the Callidus managed funds. These reports are used by certain of the Companys
employees, including members of the Callidus board of directors, to monitor the Companys
investments in the Callidus managed funds as well as its investment in Callidus as an asset
manager.
The Company has developed trading and allocation procedures, which are designed to fairly and
equitably allocate suitable investments to the Managed Funds with similar investment strategies
over time and in accordance with applicable investment and regulatory restrictions for each Managed
Fund, and to prevent conflicts of interest. When the Company identifies an investment opportunity,
the suitability of such opportunity is assessed for each of the Managed Funds. If, after giving
consideration to each funds investment focus, it is determined that the investment opportunity is
potentially suitable for one or more of the Managed Funds, the Company will consider other factors
that could affect suitability, including but not limited to the targeted risk and returns
parameters of each suitable fund. Additionally, each Managed Fund has specific structural nuances.
Specific fund parameters that may be considered include:
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a funds ability to directly originate transactions (versus acquire from third
parties) |
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relevant investment guidelines |
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fund liquidity |
12
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portfolio compliance restrictions, including discount obligation minimum price,
for collateral obligations |
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industry and obligor diversification requirements |
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asset allocation objectives |
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return objectives |
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risk tolerances |
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overcollateralization tests and cushions |
If, after considering the relevant factors, it is determined that an investment opportunity is
suitable for more than one Managed Fund, then such investment may be allocated between the funds by
the Companys portfolio manager(s), giving consideration to the availability and current pricing of
the asset. Trades may be allocated on a basis other than pro rata as long as, in the judgment of
the Company, the funds are treated in a fair and equitable manner over time. The Company maintains
a trade log, which lists all executed trades and allocations and the basis of the allocation.
Dispositions are reviewed and approved by the applicable credit review committee and the basis
for allocation determinations that are made between the Funds, and any other relevant factors, is
discussed with the committee. The Company makes a determination as to the impact of a proposed
sale on each Managed Funds portfolio as a whole to determine whether or not it is in the best
interests of the fund to sell its interest.
Because the Company is managing both its own portfolio as well as those of its Managed Funds,
the Company has developed additional conflict of interest procedures. To the extent that the
Company originated an asset that is being considered for sale by the Company to one or more of the
Managed Funds, third-party conflict reviewers for the relevant Managed Fund(s) are
13
generally sought
to review the terms of the transaction and to provide an assessment as to whether a conflict of
interest exists and whether such terms are reasonable.
Callidus also follows allocation procedures that are designed to be fair and equitable over
time related to the assessment of suitability and the basis on which allocations to suitable funds
may be made with respect to acquisitions and dispositions. When a Callidus managed fund acquires an
asset from the Company or another affiliate, a third party reviews the purchase to determine that
the asset is purchased at fair value. Callidus independently determines whether the terms of any
proposed transactions between the Company and the Callidus managed funds are fair. It is expected
that at such time as Callidus is required to register as an investment adviser under the Advisers
Act, it will adopt more formal policies and procedures related to allocation and trading, among
other things.
Although the Company does not control the investment activities of Callidus, it does exercise
oversight for the strategic direction of Callidus through its representation on Callidus board of
directors, including the power to control the policies of Callidus that affect the Company. The
Callidus board of directors is primarily focused on overall fund management strategy of Callidus,
the integrity of the credit selection and monitoring process, the performance of the Callidus
managed funds, and the overall financial performance of Callidus as an asset manager. In its board
oversight capacity, the directors direct the authorities and roles of management. As an example,
the board may direct Callidus to augment certain aspects of its credit processes in order to seek
better overall fund performance. It would be the obligation of the Callidus management team to
implement these directives through, as examples, the adoption of augmented credit review or
monitoring procedures, an updated investment policy or other such measures. The Callidus board
would typically expect to discuss how such directives were
14
implemented at the next board meeting.
In this way, the Company has the power to control the policies of Callidus that affect the Company,
but it is not involved in the implementation of such policies.
The board of directors of Callidus is currently composed of three members, all of whom are
officers of the Company. In the future, Callidus may expand its board of directors to include one
or more members of Callidus management and one or more independent directors, who may be equity
investors in one or more Callidus managed funds. The Callidus board of directors typically meets
on a quarterly basis.
The Companys significant ownership interest in Callidus aligns the interests of the Company
with those of the management of Callidus. The senior managing directors at Callidus are
participants in a UAR program that is based on the growth of the value of the Callidus asset
management platform over time. Like all performance-based equity compensation programs, the
management team is only rewarded under this program if the fair value of Callidus increases, and
any such increases in fair value will also benefit the Companys shareholders. Thus, the benefit
of Callidus growth over time inures proportionately to the management team at Callidus and to the
Companys shareholders.
III. REASONS FOR REQUEST
A. The Growth and Increased Profitability of the Company
The Company believes that Callidus business will continue to grow, whether through organic
growth or through one or more acquisitions of asset managers or asset management contracts,
including the potential acquisition of one or more asset management contracts from the Company.
Such growth would increase the value of the Companys investment and provide additional value to
the Companys shareholders. The Company further believes that allowing
15
Callidus assets under
management to increase to the point where it may be required to register as an investment adviser
is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders because: (1)
as Callidus assets under management increase, the value of the Companys investment in
Callidus will likely increase; (2) the Company has expended capital and other resources to further
Callidus growth and the Companys shareholders should be permitted to benefit from Callidus
future growth and profitability as a registered investment adviser; and (3) it would be imprudent
for the Company to prematurely divest its investment in Callidus prior to Callidus achieving its
maximum potential value, which regulatory limitations would, absent relief, require the Company to
do.
1. As Callidus assets under management increase, the value of the Companys investment will
likely increase. As Callidus assets under management increase, the revenue generated by the
advisory fees it charges is also expected to increase. The increased revenue should, in turn,
result in an increase in the value of the Companys investment in Callidus, which will inure to the
benefit of the Companys shareholders. Further, Callidus could be even more attractive as an asset
manager if it were a registered investment adviser, which could lead to additional assets under
management, and this benefit should, again, inure to the Companys shareholders. In addition, the
growth of Callidus assets under management over time should reduce Callidus operating expense
ratios and, thus, increase its profitability. Callidus operating expenses as a percentage of its
assets under management are likely to decline as Callidus assets under management increase because
personnel and other operating expenses do not typically increase proportionately with increases in
the amount of assets managed. Therefore, over time, the Companys shareholders should gain
additional value from the Companys investment.
16
2. The Company has expended capital and other resources to further Callidus growth and the
Companys shareholders should be permitted to benefit from Callidus future growth and
profitability as a registered investment adviser. The Company enters into each
investment it makes with a plan to add value to the portfolio company. The Companys
investment in Callidus is an example of this approach to investing. Through its investment of
capital and other resources in Callidus, the Company has contributed to the growth of Callidus.
Since its initial investment in Callidus, the Company has provided financing to fund working
capital and to support the asset management activities of Callidus. As a BDC, the Company is
required to make available managerial assistance to its portfolio companies, and from time to time
has provided such assistance to Callidus. Given the Companys substantial operating history,
industry contacts, and operating resources, as well as the similarities of the businesses, the
Companys senior level professionals have worked with Callidus management team to assist them with
building their business. The Company and Callidus have policies and procedures to mitigate
conflicts of interests between the two companies, and the impact of any conflicts is limited
because the Companys significant ownership interest in Callidus aligns the interests of the
Company with those of the management of Callidus. The value derived from such managerial assistance
benefits both the Company and Callidus.
These investments of capital and other resources are the means through which the Company grows
the value of its portfolio investments and, in turn, grows its returns to its shareholders. The
Company has significantly contributed to the growth in the value of its investment in Callidus, and
the Company believes that it is likely that Callidus will become even more valuable as a registered
investment adviser. Allowing the Company to continue to hold
17
Callidus as a portfolio company is
both consistent with the objectives of the Company and beneficial to the Companys shareholders.
3. It would be imprudent for the Company to prematurely divest its investment in Callidus
prior to Callidus achieving its maximum value, which regulatory limitations would,
absent relief, require the Company to do. Callidus is currently a wholly owned portfolio
company of the Company, and, as noted above, its continued growth makes it likely that it will soon
be required to register with the Commission as an investment adviser. If the requested Order is
not issued, the Company will be forced to dispose of its current interests in Callidus when it
becomes a registered investment adviser, thus not allowing the Company to participate in any future
growth. The Company believes that such a disposition, at a time when its investment in Callidus
has not reached its maximum potential value, would be premature and imprudent. Most importantly,
such an exit would be disadvantageous to the Companys shareholders to the extent the Company would
be denied the opportunity to realize its maximum potential return on the investment.
The Companys management and its Board have considered each of the factors discussed above and
believe that ensuring the ability to continue to own Callidus is in the best interests of the
Companys shareholders and its business. On August 31, 2008, the Company purchased the remaining
20% of the voting equity of Callidus. In connection with that transaction, management and the
Board further considered the Companys investment in Callidus and determined that continued
ownership of Callidus in anticipation of further growth by Callidus is beneficial to the Company
and its shareholders. In the absence of the requested exemptive relief, the Company would be left
with two undesirable options: (1) to transfer its current ownership interests in Callidus to an
unaffiliated third party and, thus, lose the benefit of its continuing
18
investment in Callidus; or
(2) intentionally stymie the growth of Callidus. These options are not only inconsistent with the
Companys stated business model, but eliminate any opportunity for the shareholders of the Company
to benefit from Callidus growth despite the Companys past assistance in the development of
Callidus asset management business. As discussed above, the
Companys investment objective is to achieve current income and capital gains. Continued
investment in Callidus as it continues to grow is consistent with the Companys investment
objective and stated business model. The Company expects that it will provide information
regarding its investment in Callidus to its shareholders through its annual and periodic filings
with the Commission and other public disclosure, as it does with its other significant investments.
Permitting the Company to continue to own Callidus once it becomes a registered investment adviser
will enable Callidus to engage in activities that further its development, as well as the growth of
the funds it manages and the assets of other potential advisory clients. Any additional risks to
the Company and its business from the growth in its investment in Callidus and the expected
expansion of advisory services by Callidus will also be identified and publicly disclosed.
Since its initial investment in 2003, the value of the Companys investment in Callidus has
grown to $43.9 million. In that same time, Callidus has grown from having $700 million in assets
under management to its current portfolio of approximately $3.5 billion. As discussed further in
Section IV, below, it would be counter to the purposes of the legislation that created BDCs to
require the Company to dispose of Callidus because its growth has been successful, a result fueled
largely by the investments in it made by the Company.
19
IV. DISCUSSION OF AUTHORITY
A. Section 12(d)(3)
Section 12(d)(3) provides that:
[i]t shall be unlawful for any registered investment company and any company or
companies controlled by such registered investment company to purchase or otherwise
acquire any security issued by or any other interest in the business of any person
who is a broker, a dealer, is engaged in the business of underwriting, or is either
an investment adviser of an investment company or an investment adviser registered under title II of this Act, unless (A) such
person is a corporation all the outstanding securities of which...are, or after such
acquisition will be, owned by one or more registered investment companies; and (B)
such person is primarily engaged in the business of underwriting and distributing
securities issued by other persons, selling securities to customers, or any one or
more of such or related activities, and the gross income of such person normally is
derived principally from such business or related activities.
Section 60 provides that Section 12 shall apply to a BDC to the same extent as if it were a
registered closed-end investment company.
The Company currently owns 100% of the voting equity interests in Callidus. However, it is
not expected that Callidus would also be a broker-dealer that is primarily engaged in the business
of underwriting and distributing securities issued by other persons.8 The ownership of
Callidus, if it becomes necessary for it to register as an investment adviser, would thus cause the
Company to be in violation of the provisions of Section 12(d)(3) unless the requested Order is
issued.
|
|
|
8 |
|
While neither the Commission nor its staff has ever
identified the threshold level of activity an entity must meet to be primarily
engaged in the business of underwriting and distributing securities issued by
other persons, the Commission in the investment company status context has
taken the position that primarily engaged means that the entity devotes at
least 55 percent of its assets to a business and it derives at least 55 percent
of its income from that business. See, e.g., Exemption from the Investment
Company Act of 1940 for the Offer and Sale of Securities by Foreign Banks and
Foreign Insurance Companies and Related Entities, Investment Company Act
Release No. 17682 (Aug. 17, 1990) at fn. 33 (In various contexts, the term
primarily engaged in a business has been taken to mean that at least 55% of a
companys assets are employed in, and 55% of a companys income is derived
from, that business.). |
20
Rule 12d3-1 under the Act provides certain limited relief from the restrictions of Section
12(d)(3). In relevant part, Rule 12d3-1 provides that:
(a) Notwithstanding section 12(d)(3) of the Act, a registered investment
company, or any company or companies controlled by such registered investment
company (acquiring company) may acquire any security issued by any person that, in
its most recent fiscal year, derived 15 percent or less of its gross revenues from securities related activities unless the acquiring company
would control such person after the acquisition.
(b) Notwithstanding section 12(d)(3) of the Act, an acquiring company may
acquire any security issued by a person that, in its most recent fiscal year,
derived more than 15 percent of its gross revenues from securities related
activities, provided that:
(1) Immediately after the acquisition of any equity security, the acquiring
company owns not more than five percent of the outstanding securities of
that class of the issuers equity securities;
Since the Company expects that all of Calliduss gross revenues will be derived from
securities related activities as defined in Rule 12d3-1, and since the Company will own a
majority of the outstanding securities of Callidus, an exemption pursuant to Rule 12d3-1(a) or (b)
from the provisions of Section 12(d)(3) does not appear to be applicable.
As more fully set forth below, the Company believes that continuing to hold Callidus is
consistent with the purposes of the 1940 Act, including the protection of investors, and
appropriate in the public interest. In addition, the Commission has previously granted similar
exemptive relief to other BDCs and registered closed-end investment management companies to allow
those companies to establish an investment adviser subsidiary.9
|
|
|
9 |
|
Prior to May 1996, Baker Fentress & Company was both a
registered closed-end management investment company and a registered investment
adviser. Similarly, from 1974 to 1991, General American Investors Company,
Inc. operated as both a registered closed-end management investment company and
registered investment adviser. |
21
|
B. |
|
Ownership of Callidus is Consistent with the Purposes Fairly Intended by the
1940 Acts Policies and Provisions |
Holding Callidus as an independently managed portfolio company of the Company does not present
the concerns against which Section 12(d)(3) was intended to safeguard, namely the entrepreneurial
risks of securities-related businesses and conflicts of interest and reciprocal practices.
Legislative history suggests that the prohibitions set forth within Section 12(d)(3) were
intended, in part, to protect investment companies from making what were considered at the
time to be risky investments.10 Specifically, the limitations imposed by Section
12(d)(3) were intended to limit the risk of a registered investment companys exposure to the
entrepreneurial risks, or general liabilities, that are peculiar to securities related
businesses.11 Much of this concern stemmed from the fact that, in 1940, when Section
12(d)(3) was adopted, most securities-related businesses were organized as privately held general
partnerships.12 As a result, an investment in such a company would expose an investment
company to the unlimited liabilities of a general partner.
While the nascent securities-related business sector of the financial services industry of the
1930s may have been populated by companies that were viewed as risky investments because they were
organized as private partnerships,13 todays financial services industry is subject to a
|
|
|
10 |
|
See In the Matter of Pacific Coast Mortgage Company,
22 S.E.C. 829, at p. 832 (May 23, 1946) (Manifestly, the rational of Section
12(d)(3) which is obviously intended to prevent operating investment companies
from engaging in diverse financial activities in conjunction with persons other
than investment companies.) |
|
11 |
|
See Exemption of Acquisitions of Securities Issued by
Persons Engaged in Securities-Related Businesses, Investment Company Act
Release No. 19716 at 6 (Sept. 16, 1993). See Exemption of Acquisitions of
Securities Issued by Persons Engaged in Securities Related Businesses,
Investment Company Act Release No. 19204 (Jan. 4, 1993). |
|
12 |
|
See Exemption of Acquisitions of Securities Issued by
Persons Engaged in Securities Related Businesses, Investment Company Act
Release No. 19204 (Jan. 4, 1993). |
|
13 |
|
See Exemption for Acquisition by Registered Investment
Companies of Securities Issued by Persons Engaged Directly or Indirectly in
Securities Related Businesses, Investment Company Act Release No. 13725, 49
Fed. Reg. 2912 (Jan. 24, 1984) (according to the release, in 1940 most
securities-related businesses were organized as private partnerships and, thus,
exposed investment company shareholders to the entrepreneurial risks associated
with general partnership interests in those securities related businesses). |
22
much more robust body of regulation, which contributes to a more conservative risk profile for
those companies that comprise the industry. Moreover, the risks presented by the form of
organization of a securities-related business are no longer as germane as they were at the time of
the adoption of Section 12(d)(3) because many formerly closely-held securities-related businesses
have reorganized into corporate forms that are characterized by limited liability in an
effort to raise capital through the public capital markets. Based on data collected from the
Investment Adviser Registration Depository (IARD) as of April 6, 2007, the vast majority (88.92%)
of investment advisory firms were organized as either corporations or limited liability companies
compared to a mere 4% of registered investment advisers that were organized as general
partnerships.14
The Companys shareholders are not exposed to the risk of unlimited liability associated with
an interest in Callidus, because they are insulated by a layer of liability protection between
Callidus and the Company as Callidus is organized as a separate entity and is structured as a
limited liability company, not a partnership. In addition, the Company owns Callidus through
Callidus Capital Corp. for liability purposes. Therefore, if Callidus were to experience an
unexpected and total loss of capital, the Company would lose only the capital invested in Callidus
(and any subsequent capital contributions) just as the Company would in the case of losses incurred
by any other portfolio investment. Callidus may also establish majority-owned subsidiaries that may
register as investment advisers. The Companys business, including its other portfolio companies,
would be protected from any additional monetary or legal liability.
|
|
|
14 |
|
Evolution-Revolution: A Profile of the Investment
Adviser Profession (July 2007) (50.5% of all registered investment advisers
were organized as corporations and 38.39% were organized as limited liability
companies). |
23
Section 12(d)(3) was also intended to prevent potential conflicts of interest and reciprocal
practices between investment companies and securities related businesses which might result in
investment companies being organized, operated, managed, or their portfolio securities selected in
the interests of brokers, dealers, underwriters, and investment advisers.15 As with the
1940 Act in general, Section 12(d)(3) was an attempt by the Commission to prevent situations in
which brokers, securities dealers and other financial intermediaries were in a position to dominate investment companies.
The Commission provided examples of such situations in the Report on
the Study of Investment Trusts and Investment Companies (the Investment Trust
Study).16 For example, the Commission was concerned that investment company sponsors,
such as investment banks, were using affiliated investment companies as a receptacle for illiquid
and distressed securities.17 It was also concerned that investment banks were using the
investment companies to acquire securities that were subject to the investment banks underwriting
endeavors in an effort to increase the banks underwriting capacity.18 Another
problematic practice that is sometimes discussed in conjunction with the concerns Section 12(d)(3)
was intended to address what is commonly referred to as propping. Propping occurred where a
securities related business was in a position to exercise control and influence over an investment
company and took advantage of this position to advance its own pecuniary interests by forcing the
investment company to purchase or otherwise acquire the outstanding securities of the affiliated
securities related business, regardless of the value to the investment company, in an effort to
prop up the
|
|
|
15 |
|
15 U.S.C. § 80a-1(b)(2) (1940). |
|
16 |
|
H.R. Doc. No. 707, 75th Cong., 3d Sess. (1938) |
|
17 |
|
Id. part I, at 76-77. |
|
18 |
|
Id. |
24
value of the affiliates stock. As discussed in the Investment Trust Study, bank
sponsored investment companies were particularly susceptible to propping.19
As early as 1964, however, the Commission recognized that the operation of Section 12(d)(3)
was counterproductive under certain circumstances and unduly limited the investment options of
investment companies.20 As operating companies and other non-securities related
businesses acquired securities firms with more regularity in the early 1960s, it became clear
that the literal application of Section 12(d)(3) was harming investment companies and denying their
shareholders investment opportunities by preventing them from investing in large operating
companies such as General Electric, Sears, Roebuck, and General Motors, which owned or controlled
financial intermediaries such as broker-dealers, investment advisers, underwriters, and insurance
companies.21
As discussed previously, the Company is a well-established and financially successful BDC that
has an extensive portfolio of investments of which Callidus is currently a part. As a result,
Callidus will remain a single component of a much larger organization, and will not be in a
position to exercise influence over the Company. In addition, the Company owns 100 percent of the
voting equity interests in Callidus and, if the requested relief is granted, will maintain a
majority (greater than 50 percent) ownership of the voting equity interests in Callidus in order to
continue to exercise oversight for the strategic direction of Callidus, including the power to
|
|
|
19 |
|
Id. Part III, at 131 (Following the market crash of
October of 1929, the funds of the Chatham Phenix Allied Corporation were
utilized to support the market price of the stock of Chatham Phenix National
Bank & Trust Company.). |
|
20 |
|
See Adoption of Rule 12d-1 to Provide Conditional
Exemption of Certain Purchases or Acquisitions of Securities from the
Prohibitions of Section 12(d)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940,
Investment Company Act Release No. 4044 (Sept. 4, 1964) (hereinafter Release
4044). |
|
21 |
|
See id. |
25
control the policies that affect the Company and to protect the Company from potential conflicts of
interest and reciprocal practices. As a condition to the Companys requested relief, the Company
will not dispose of the voting equity interests of Callidus if, as a result, the Company would own,
directly or indirectly, 50 percent or less of the outstanding voting equity interests of Callidus
unless the Company disposes of 100 percent of its interest in Callidus in order to prevent the
Company from becoming a minority shareholder of Callidus. Moreover, because the Company expects to
continue to operate as an internally managed BDC, it will not be dependent on Callidus for the
provision of investment advice or other services. In addition, while the
Company intends for Callidus to succeed, the Companys financial success will not be dependent
upon Callidus success.
Applicants do not believe the majority-owned Callidus presents the potential for the type of
abuse intended to be eliminated by the provisions of Section 12(d)(3). On several occasions, the
Commission has recognized that some of the concerns that apparently led to the adoption of Section
12(d)(3) are no longer relevant due to the development and advancement of the securities industry.
On each of these occasions, the Commission determined that the restrictions imposed by Section
12(d)(3) were overly restrictive and warranted certain exemptive relief. In 1964, the Commission
adopted Rule 12d-1, which is now Rule 12d3-1, exempting certain acquisitions from the provisions of
Section 12(d)(3).22 The Commission later substantively amended Rule 12d3-1 in
198423 and 1993.24
|
|
|
22 |
|
See Release 4044, supra note 18. |
|
23 |
|
See Exemption of Acquisitions by Registered Investment
Companies of Securities Issued by Persons Engaged Directly or Indirectly in
Securities Related Businesses, Investment Company Act Release No. 14036 (July
13, 1984). |
|
24 |
|
See Investment Company Act Release No. 19716, supra
note [8]. |
26
Holding Callidus as an independently managed portfolio company of the Company is consistent
with the general intent behind the adoption of Rule 12d3-1. When the Rule was adopted in its
original form in 1964, the Commission noted that [i]t appears to the Commission that under certain
circumstances the provisions of Section 12(d)(3) operate to reduce the range of securities that
investment companies may select for and hold in their portfolios.25 The Commission
further noted that [i]t appears to the Commission that where the conditions set forth in the Rule
are satisfied it is appropriate in the public interest and consistent with the protection of
investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policy and provisions of the Act to permit registered
investment companies to acquire and hold such investment interests.26
Thus, in adopting the Rule, the Commission was attempting to reduce the restrictions on
investment company investments in companies engaged in securities related activities as long as
such reductions did not come at the expense of investor protection. As is noted above, Section
12(d)(3) was intended to protect investors, in part, by preventing potential conflicts of interest
and reciprocal practices between investment companies and securities related businesses.
In the present case, the Company is requesting that the Commission reduce the restrictions on
the investments that it can make in a company that is engaged in securities related activities, and
the Company submits that such investment will not raise issues regarding conflicts of interest and
reciprocal practices. Such issues will not arise for the reasons noted herein and because the
Company will own a majority of Callidus, and Callidus will be a downstream affiliate of the
Company. The Commission has acknowledged that it does not believe downstream affiliates
|
|
|
25 |
|
See Release 4044, supra note 18. |
|
26 |
|
See Release 4044, supra note 18. |
27
raise
conflicts of interest issues through the adoption of Rule 57b-1, which exempts from the provisions
of Section 57(a) downstream affiliates of business development companies.
At such time as Callidus is required to register as an investment adviser under the Advisers
Act, it will become subject to regulation by the Commission. As a result, it will maintain formal
policies and procedures related to its operations, including among other things, trading,
allocation, conflicts of interest, personal investing by supervised persons, and gifts and
entertainment. All such policies, as expected to be formally adopted, are designed to ensure that
management of the investment adviser is conducted in the best interests of the managed funds.
This, in turn, benefits Callidus as the asset manager in its ability to continue to grow its business over time, raise
and manage new funds, and develop a successful track record. The adoption of such policies and
procedures as required by the Advisers Act, and the requirement to appoint a chief compliance
officer who will oversee Callidus compliance with such obligations, will further ensure that
Callidus operations are conducted in a manner that is in the best interests of the Callidus
managed funds as well as the shareholders of Callidus and consistent with the purposes fairly
intended by the policy and provisions of the Act.
It is the Companys belief that an exemption from Section 12(d)(3) is warranted where a BDC
maintains ownership of an independently managed registered investment adviser as a portfolio
company. It will permit the Company to continue to realize the increase in the value of a portfolio
company to which it has invested considerable resources. Allowing the Company to continue to hold
Callidus as an investment is both consistent with the purposes fairly intended by the 1940 Acts
policies and provisions, and advances the primary purpose behind the legislation that created BDCs
- namely, to raise funds from both public and private sources and remove unnecessary statutory
impediments to their entrepreneurial activities ...; [and to] encourage
28
increased cooperation ...
to promote capital formation.27 Further, as previously noted, if the requested relief
is not granted, the Company will be forced to either intentionally stymie Callidus growth or
dispose of its current interests in Callidus if it registers with the Commission as an investment
adviser. Such options run counter to the purposes of the legislation governing BDCs, which mandate
that BDCs assist in the growth and development of their portfolio companies.28 Further,
the procedures and policies that the Company has adopted with respect to
Callidus and the methods of operations will ensure that the Company will continue to be
operated and managed in the interests of its shareholders and that ownership by it of Callidus will
otherwise be consistent with the purposes fairly intended by the policy and provisions of the 1940
Act.
|
C. |
|
The Commission Has Previously Granted Relief to Permit Registered Investment
Companies and BDCs to Own Significant Interests in Registered Investment Advisers |
The Commission has previously granted similar exemptive relief to permit registered investment
companies to establish an investment adviser subsidiary. For example, The Vanguard Group, Inc.
(TVGI), obtained exemptive relief to permit the Vanguard Funds to acquire and
capitalize TVGI, which became a registered investment adviser in August 1976.29 In
contrast to the relief requested by the Vanguard Funds, the facts presented in this Application
pose a less complicated relationship between the Company and Callidus that does not give rise to
many of the concerns addressed in the requests for relief and subsequent orders issued to the
Vanguard
|
|
|
27 |
|
S. Rep. 96-958, 96th Cong., 2d. Sess. at 3
(1980). |
|
28 |
|
See Small Business Investment Incentive Act of 1980,
Pub. L.No. 96-477, 94 Stat. 2275 (Oct. 21, 1980). |
|
29 |
|
See Investment Company Act Release Nos. 8644 (Jan. 17,
1975) (notice) and 8676 (Feb. 18, 1975) (order) (permitting the Vanguard Funds
to acquire and capitalize TVGI, and internalize their corporate administrative
functions); Investment Company Act Release Nos. 9616 (Jan. 19, 1977) (notice)
and 9664 (Mar. 4, 1977) (order) (permitting the Funds to continue to acquire
shares of TVGI after TVGI registered as an investment adviser). |
29
Funds. Such concerns largely stemmed from the fact that TVGI was and is responsible for
providing advisory, administrative and distribution services to the Vanguard Funds.
Particularly relevant to this request is the fact that the Commission has previously granted
similar relief to permit internally managed closed-end investment companies, which are functionally
and structurally similar to BDCs,30 to establish investment adviser subsidiaries.31
All but two of the previous requests involved a situation in which the subsidiary would provide
advisory services to the parent following the complete or partial externalization of the closed-end
funds management function.32 The request for relief set forth herein does not present
the same potential for conflicts of interest and reciprocal practices between investment companies
and the investment adviser subsidiaries that were addressed in the previous requests for similar
relief largely because Callidus will not serve as an investment adviser to the Company and will
continue to be independently managed.
In 1996, the Commission issued an order to Baker, Fentress & Company, et al. (Baker
Fentress), a registered, internally managed closed-end fund and registered investment adviser, to
permit it to purchase all of the stock of John A. Levin & Co., Inc. (LEVCO), a registered
investment adviser. Following the acquisition, the order further permitted LEVCO to, among other
things, continue to operate and advise certain private investment companies structured as
|
|
|
30 |
|
It is worth noting that the Company, prior to its
election to be regulated as a BDC, also had a wholly owned registered
investment adviser subsidiary, Allied Advisory, Inc., for a number of years
prior to spinning it off in 1989. See Investment Company Act Release Nos. 17227
(Nov. 17, 1989) (notice) and 17269 (Dec. 19, 1989) (order). |
|
31 |
|
See, General American Investors Company, Inc.,
Investment Company Act Release Nos. 11345 (Sept. 10, 1980) (notice) and 11396
(Oct. 10, 1980) (order) (by the Commission); PMC Capital, Inc., Investment
Company Act Release Nos. 19823 (Oct. 29, 1993) (notice) and 19895 (Nov. 23,
1993) (order) (pursuant to delegated authority); and Baker, Fentress & Company,
Investment Company Act Release Nos. 21890 (April 15, 1996) (notice) and 21949
(May 10, 1990) (order) (pursuant to delegated authority). |
|
32 |
|
The investment adviser subsidiary of PMC Capital, Inc.
was organized for the purpose of providing advisory services to a real estate
investment trust organized by PMC Capital, Inc. |
30
limited
partnerships. Baker Fentress sought to generate growth by increasing the assets under management,
but was constrained by Code limitations. Baker Fentress formed a wholly owned subsidiary to
acquire LEVCO (with its established investment management business and its two wholly owned
subsidiaries, one of which was a broker-dealer). LEVCO was then merged into the wholly owned
subsidiary and LEVCOs registered investment advisers wholly owned subsidiaries became wholly
owned subsidiaries of the newly formed Baker Fentress subsidiary, New LEVCO. Upon completion of
acquisition and merger, Baker Fentress expected that it
would externalize the management of one of its portfolios to New LEVCO in addition to its
management of the former LEVCO advisory clients.
Because New LEVCO would be Baker Fentress investment adviser following the acquisition and
merger, it was necessary for the Commission to grant an exemption from Section 2(a)(1), so that
Baker Fentress directors would not be deemed to be interested persons of Baker Fentress solely
because of Baker Fentress ownership of New LEVCO. As stated previously, the Companys request for
exemptive relief does not raise this issue because Callidus will not be responsible for advising
the Company. In addition, because of the nature of the transactions involved, it was necessary for
Baker Fentress to request relief from Section 17 as well. The Companys request for relief does
not raise any Section 17 concerns because Callidus is a downstream affiliate of the Company. As a
BDC, the limitations on transactions with affiliates are regulated by Section 57. Pursuant to Rule
57b-1, transactions with a downstream affiliate of the Company, like Callidus, are exempt from the
provisions of Section 57(a). This exemption would also apply to any company controlled by Callidus
because such companies would also be downstream affiliates of the Company. Lastly, the Baker
Fentress exemptive application requested an exemption from Section 2(a)(3)(D) so that the
31
limited
partners of the private investment company partnerships, which were to be operated and advised by
New LEVCO following the acquisition and merger of LEVCO, would not be deemed to be affiliated
persons of Baker Fentress solely because of their status as limited partners. The Companys
acquisition of Callidus does not raise similar concerns.
While the General American Investors Company, Inc., and Broad Street Investing Corporation
requests for exemptive relief are largely similar to the Companys request, they each
involved additional facts or circumstances that necessitate additional relief similar to the
Baker Fentress application.
The General American Investors Company, Inc.33 and Broad Street Investing
Corporation34 exemptive requests both involved the complete or partial externalization
of internal management functions of internally managed funds to the newly formed investment adviser
subsidiaries of the funds in question. The PMC Capital, Inc. request for relief proposed that PMC
Capital, Inc. and the real estate investment trust advised by PMC Capital, Inc.s newly formed
investment adviser subsidiary would enter into a loan origination agreement, which raised the
specter of a joint enterprise or other joint arrangement under Section 17(d). This request for
relief does not raise these additional concerns, but it does include many of the same protective
conditions included in these prior exemptive relief requests. Therefore, this request should
present a stronger case in support of granting exemptive relief.
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33 |
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See, General American Investors Company, Inc.,
Investment Company Act Release Nos. 18277 (Aug. 19, 1991) (notice) and 18322
(Sept. 17, 1991) (order) (this order amended the order issued in 1980). |
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34 |
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See Broad Street Investing Corporation, Investment
Company Release Nos. 7071 (Mar. 16, 1972) (notice) and 7117 (Apr. 4, 1972)
(order) |
32
D. Holding Callidus is Consistent With the Protection of Investors
Allowing the Company to continue to hold its investment in Callidus is not only consistent
with the protection of investors, but it benefits the Companys shareholders. Holding Callidus as
an independently managed portfolio company ensures that the economic benefit to be derived from its
operations will benefit the shareholders of the Company.
Callidus will also not subject the Companys shareholders to additional risks. Because
Callidus will continue to be but one of the Companys portfolio companies, continuing to hold it as
a registered investment adviser should not adversely impact the Companys risk profile. In
addition, as discussed previously, the Company is legally and structurally insulated from
liability, in connection with Callidus business. Therefore, from the perspective of the Companys
shareholders, the Companys direct or indirect ownership of Callidus should be viewed no
differently than the Companys investment in its other portfolio companies.
Lastly, continuing to hold Callidus is not inconsistent with the protection of the Companys
shareholders. The Companys shareholders regulatory protections are in no way compromised if
Callidus were to be registered and remain a portfolio company of the Company. To the contrary, the
Companys shareholders benefit from the fact that Callidus, like the Company, will be extensively
regulated by the Commission. The Company, as a BDC, is subject to the regulatory rigors of the 1940
Act and Callidus, as a registered investment adviser, will be required to comply with the Advisers
Act.
E. Allowing the Company to Continue to Hold Callidus
is Appropriate in the Public Interest
Section 6(c) of the 1940 Act provides in pertinent part that the Commission by rule,
regulation or order may exempt any person or transaction or any class of persons or transactions
from any provision of the 1940 Act if and to the extent that such exemption is necessary or
33
appropriate in the public interest and consistent with the protection of investors and the purposes
fairly intended by the policy and provisions of the Act.
The Company believes that this request is both necessary and appropriate in the public
interest and consistent with the protection of investors because its continued success as a BDC is
furthered by increasing the amount and diversification of the assets under its management, while
capitalizing on its niche skill set. Such growth is important to the Companys continued success.
The Company further submits that Section 12(d)(3) should not prevent the Companys shareholders
from realizing the substantial benefits to be obtained through the Companys
continuing ownership of Callidus. As discussed above, Callidus is an independently managed
portfolio company that has developed its own separate and independent credit process. It is not
expected that Callidus will provide investment advice to the Company; however Callidus is expected
to continue to provide certain portfolio administration services to the Company in connection with
the Companys management of its Managed Funds, focused on asset-level monitoring, trading, and
reporting, not decisions related to asset acquisitions or dispositions within the Managed Funds.
Finally, the Company believes that the requested relief does not pose the concerns meant to be
addressed by Section 12(d)(3) and furthers the purposes of BDCs, in general. As mentioned
previously, the 1940 Act was amended in 1980 in part to facilitate the activities of business
development companies, and to encourage the mobilization of capital for new, small and
medium-size and independent business ...35 This Congressional intent will be furthered
by permitting the Company continue to own Callidus. The Company is merely continuing the
development of its portfolio company. In addition, the Company will be able to leverage its
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35 |
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See Small Business Investment Incentive Act of 1980,
supra note [22]. |
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investment knowledge to support Callidus portfolios growth and investments in similar
investments. Finally, if the requested relief is not granted, the Company will be forced to
dispose of its interests in Callidus if, as expected, it becomes a registered investment adviser,
thus losing the value of the growth potential of Callidus a portfolio company that the Company
has helped to create and grow.
F. Conclusion
Applicants believe that the majority-owned Callidus does not present the potential for the
risks and abuses Section 12(d)(3) is intended to eliminate. Applicants believe that the standards
set forth in Section 6(c) have been met. For the foregoing reasons, the Company respectfully
requests that the Commission issue an order under Section 6(c) of the 1940 Act granting an
exemption from the provisions of Section 12(d)(3) of the 1940 Act for the purpose of permitting the
Company to hold at least a majority of the outstanding voting equity interests of Callidus as
described in this Application on the basis that such ownership is in the best interests of the
Company and its shareholders.
V. CONDITIONS
The Applicants agree that the Order of the Commission granting the requested relief shall be
subject to the following conditions:
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1. |
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The Company will not dispose of the voting equity interests of
Callidus if, as a result, the Company would own, directly or indirectly, 50
percent or less of the outstanding voting equity interests of Callidus unless
the Company disposes of 100 percent of its interest in Callidus. |
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2. |
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The Board will review at least annually the investment
management business of the Company and Callidus in order to determine whether
the |
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benefits derived by the Company warrant the continuation of the ownership
by the Company of Callidus and, if appropriate, will approve (by at least a
majority of the directors of the Company who are not interested persons of
the Company as defined by the 1940 Act) at least annually, such continuation. |
VI. |
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THE DELEGATED AUTHORITY OF THE DIVISION OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT |
The Company submits that the Division of Investment Management has delegated authority to
issue a notice with respect to this Application, and, assuming no hearing is
requested, to issue the requested Order. The Commissions Regulation 30-5 under the Exchange
Act provides, in pertinent part, that the Director of the Division of Investment Management has
delegated authority from the Commission, except as otherwise provided in that regulation:
to issue notices ... with respect to applications for orders
under the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and . . .
where, upon examination, the matter does not appear to the
Director to present significant issues that have not been
previously settled by the Commission or to raise questions of
fact or policy indicating that the public interest or the
interest of investors warrants that the Commission consider the
matter.36
Reg. § 200.30-5(a)(1)
Corresponding authority is delegated to authorize the issuance of orders where a notice has
been issued, no request for a hearing has been received, the Director believes that the matter
presents no significant issues that have not been previously settled by the Commission, and it does
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36 |
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Reg. § 200.30-5(a)(1). |
36
not appear to the Director to be necessary in the public interest or the interest of investors that
the Commission consider the matter.37
The Company submits that the relief requested presents no significant issues that have not
previously been the subject of exemptive relief, including a number of orders in which that relief
was itself granted pursuant to delegated authority.
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37 |
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Reg. § 200.30-5(a)(2). |
37
All actions necessary to authorize the execution and filing of this Application under the
Companys charter and other previous exemptive relief have been taken, and the person signing and
filing this Application is authorized to do so on behalf of the Company.
The verification required by Rule 0-2(d) under the 1940 Act is attached to Exhibit A.
A proposed notice of the proceeding initiated by the filing of this Application is attached as
Exhibit B. Resolutions, duly adopted by the Companys Board and attached as Exhibit
C, have authorized the Companys officers to prepare, or cause to be prepared, and to execute
and file with the commission this Application. All requirements for the execution and filing of
this Application and amendments thereto, in the name and on behalf of the Company, have been
complied with and the individual who signed and filed this Application is duly authorized to do so.
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ALLIED CAPITAL CORPORATION
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By: |
/s/
Miriam G. Krieger |
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Miriam G. Krieger |
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Corporate Secretary |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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Description |
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Exhibit |
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Page No. |
Verification |
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A |
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Resolutions of the Allied Capital Corporation
Board of Directors Adopted July 25, 2008 |
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B |
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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
The
undersigned states that she has duly executed the attached
Application for an Order Pursuant to Section 6(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 Granting an
Exemption From Section 12(d)(3) of the Investment Company Act of
1940 dated August 7, 2009 for and on behalf of Allied
Capital Corporation; that she is the Corporate Secretary of such company; and that all action by
stockholders, directors, and other bodies necessary to authorize the
undersigned to execute and file such
instrument has been taken. The undersigned further says that she is familiar with such instrument, and
the contents thereof, and that the facts therein set forth are true to the best of her knowledge,
information and belief.
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/s/ Miriam G. Krieger
Miriam G. Krieger
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Corporate Secretary |
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EXHIBIT
B
Resolutions of the Allied Capital Corporation
Board of Directors Adopted July 25, 2008
Resolutions of
Allied Capital Corporation Board of Directors
At a meeting held on July 25, 2008
WHEREAS, the Corporation currently holds a control investment in Callidus Capital
Management, LLC (Callidus); and
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors anticipates that Callidus will continue to increase its
funds under management and may be required to register as an investment adviser with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC or the Commission); and
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors believes that the ability to continue to own Callidus as it
continues to grow is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders; and
WHEREAS, the ownership of a registered investment adviser may require certain exemptive
relief from certain provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), which
relief must be obtained from the SEC; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has reviewed the proposed application for an order of the
Commission granting exemption from certain applicable provisions of the 1940 Act to permit
the Corporation to own a registered investment adviser (the Exemptive Application);
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating
Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Compliance Officer, any Executive Vice
President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary and/or any Assistant
Secretary (each an Authorized Officer) shall be, and each of them individually hereby is,
authorized and empowered to execute in the name of the Corporation and file with the SEC the
Exemptive Application, substantially in the form as has been submitted to and considered by
each member of the Board of Directors, with such changes therein as the Authorized Officers
executing the same may consider advisable or necessary; and
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Authorized Officers shall be, and each of them individually
hereby is, authorized and directed to make, execute, deliver and file such Exemptive
Application, including any attachments thereto, and any amendments thereto as such
Authorized Officers in their discretion deem necessary or advisable in order to effectuate
the foregoing resolutions; and
FURTHER RESOLVED, that all actions taken prior to the adoption of these resolutions by any
Authorized Officer in connection with these matters referred to herein that would have been
within the authority conferred hereby had these resolutions predated such actions be, and
all such actions hereby are, confirmed, ratified and approved in all respects; and
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them hereby is, authorized,
empowered and directed to certify and deliver copies of these resolutions to such
governmental bodies, agencies, persons, firms or corporations as the Authorized Officers may
deem necessary and to identify by his or her signature or certificate, or in such form as
may be required, the documents and instruments presented to and approved herein and to
furnish evidence of the approval, by an officer authorized to give such approval, of any
document, instrument or provision or any addition, deletion or change in any document or
instrument.