Unassociated Document
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
|
x
|
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
For
the Quarterly Period Ended: September 30, 2009
OR
|
¨
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
For
the Transition Period from _________ to ___________
Commission
File Number 001-34506
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
|
Maryland
|
|
27-0312904
|
|
(State
or Other Jurisdiction of
|
|
(I.R.S.
Employer
|
|
Incorporation
or Organization)
|
|
Identification
No.)
|
|
601 Carlson Parkway, Suite 330
|
|
|
|
Minnetonka,
Minnesota
|
|
55305
|
|
(Address
of Principal Executive Offices)
|
|
(Zip
Code)
|
(612)
238-3300
(Registrant’s
Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
not
applicable
(Former
Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last
Report)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on
its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S T (§232.405 of this
chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non accelerated filer or smaller reporting company. See
definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller
reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large
accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated
filer ¨ Non-accelerated
filer x Smaller
reporting company ¨
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate
the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common
stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of
December 11, 2009 there were 13,379,209 shares of registered common stock, par
value $.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
2009
FORM 10-Q REPORT
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
PART
I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
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|
|
|
|
Item
1. Financial
Statements
|
|
|
3 |
|
Item
2. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
|
|
|
15 |
|
Item
3. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
|
|
|
25 |
|
Item
4. Controls and
Procedures
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
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PART
II – OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
|
Item
1. Legal
Proceedings
|
|
|
28 |
|
Item
1A. Risk
Factors
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|
|
28 |
|
Item
2. Unregistered Sales of
Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
|
|
|
54 |
|
Item
3. Defaults Upon Senior
Securities
|
|
|
55 |
|
Item
4. Submission of Matters
to a Vote of Security Holders
|
|
|
55 |
|
Item
5. Other
Information
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|
|
55 |
|
Item
6.
Exhibits
|
|
|
55 |
|
PART
I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item
1. Financial
Statements
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$ |
1,253,979
|
|
|
$ |
2,778,143 |
|
Cash
held in Trust Account, interest and dividend income available for
taxes
|
|
|
21,755 |
|
|
|
134,385
|
|
Other
current assets
|
|
|
34,877
|
|
|
|
50,290
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
|
1,310,611 |
|
|
|
2,962,818 |
|
Cash
held in Trust Account, restricted
|
|
|
259,027,351
|
|
|
|
259,084,043
|
|
Prepaid
income taxes
|
|
|
414,537 |
|
|
|
48,269 |
|
Total
Assets
|
|
$ |
260,752,499
|
|
|
$ |
262,095,130 |
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
1,173,743 |
|
|
$ |
193,555 |
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
|
1,173,743 |
|
|
|
193,555 |
|
Common
stock, subject to possible conversion, 7,874,699 shares at conversion
value
|
|
|
77,832,556
|
|
|
|
77,739,684 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered
Preferred Stock of Capitol Acquisition Corp., par value $0.0001 per share,
1,000,000 authorized; none issued and oustanding
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Registered
Common Stock of Capitol Acquisition Corp., par value $0.0001 per share,
75,000,000 shares authorized; 32,811,257 issued and oustanding (less
7,874,699 subject to possible conversion)
|
|
|
2,494
|
|
|
|
2,494 |
|
Privately
issued common stock, $0.01 par, 1,000 shares authorized, issued, and
outstanding to Pine River Capital Management
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
181,058,409
|
|
|
|
181,150,291 |
|
Cumulative
earnings
|
|
|
685,287 |
|
|
|
3,009,106 |
|
Total
stockholders’ equity
|
|
|
181,746,200
|
|
|
|
184,161,891 |
|
Total
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
$ |
260,752,499 |
|
|
$ |
262,095,130 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
Three
Months Ended
|
|
|
Nine
Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
September 30,
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1,040,300
|
|
|
|
225,564
|
|
|
|
2,746,409
|
|
|
|
776,333
|
|
|
|
3,947,014 |
|
Loss
from operations
|
|
|
(1,040,300 |
)
|
|
|
(225,564 |
)
|
|
|
(2,746,409 |
)
|
|
|
(776,333 |
)
|
|
|
(3,947,014 |
)
|
Interest
and dividend income
|
|
|
890 |
|
|
|
956,751 |
|
|
|
56,322 |
|
|
|
4,060,613 |
|
|
|
5,972,764 |
|
(Loss)
income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes
|
|
|
(1,039,410 |
)
|
|
|
731,187
|
|
|
|
(2,690,087 |
)
|
|
|
3,284,280
|
|
|
|
2,025,750 |
|
Benefit
from (provision for) income taxes
|
|
|
119,483 |
|
|
|
(182,556 |
) |
|
|
366,268 |
|
|
|
(1,052,854 |
) |
|
|
(1,340,463 |
) |
Net
(loss) income
|
|
|
(919,927 |
)
|
|
|
548,631
|
|
|
|
(2,323,819 |
)
|
|
|
2,231,426
|
|
|
|
685,287 |
|
Accretion
of Trust Account income relating to common stock subject to possible
conversion
|
|
|
(24,723 |
)
|
|
|
(143,217 |
)
|
|
|
(92,872 |
)
|
|
|
(143,217 |
)
|
|
|
(328,578 |
)
|
Net
(loss) income attributable to other common shareholders
|
|
$ |
(944,650 |
)
|
|
$ |
405,414 |
|
|
$ |
(2,416,691 |
)
|
|
$ |
2,088,209 |
|
|
$ |
356,709 |
|
Weighted
average number of registered common shares outstanding, excluding shares
subject to possible conversion and privately issued shares - basic and
diluted
|
|
|
24,936,558 |
|
|
|
24,936,558 |
|
|
|
24,936,558 |
|
|
|
24,936,558 |
|
|
|
24,936,558 |
|
Basic
and diluted net (loss) earnings per share attributable to registered
common stockholders:
|
|
$ |
(0.04 |
)
|
|
$ |
0.02 |
|
|
$ |
(0.10 |
)
|
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
* Inception
date of Capitol Acquisition Corp. as a development stage company
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
FOR
THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 26, 2007 (INCEPTION) THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30,
2009
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
Registered Common Stock of Capitol Acquisition
Corp.
|
|
|
Private Common Stock of Two Harbors Investment
Corp.
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Cumulative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
(Losses)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Balance
at June 2007 (inception of Capitol Acquisition Corp.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
Common
shares issued at inception at $0.003 per share
|
|
|
7,187,500 |
|
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
24,281 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
25,000 |
|
Sale
of 25,000,000 units, net of Underwriters' discount and offering expenses
(includes 7,499,999 shares subject to possible conversion)
|
|
|
25,000,000
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
239,843,344
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
239,845,844 |
|
Exercise
of Underwriters' over-allotment, net of Underwriters' discount and
offering expenses (includes 374,700 shares subject to possible
conversion)
|
|
|
1,249,000 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
12,021,500 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
12,021,625 |
|
Forfeiture
of initial stockholders' shares pursuant to partial exercise of
underwriters' over-allotment
|
|
|
(625,243 |
)
|
|
|
(62 |
)
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Proceeds
subject to possible conversion of 7,874,699 shares
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(788 |
)
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(77,503,190 |
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(77,503,978 |
)
|
Proceeds
from issuance of sponsors' warrants, at $1 per warrant
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,000,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,000,000 |
|
Net
income for the period from June 26, 2007 (inception) through December 31,
2007
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
714,573 |
|
|
|
714,573 |
|
Balance,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
32,811,257
|
|
|
|
2,494
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
181,385,997
|
|
|
|
714,573
|
|
|
|
182,103,064 |
|
Accretion
of Trust Account income relating to common stock subject to possible
conversion
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(143,217 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(143,217 |
) |
Net
income for the nine months ended September 30, 2008
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,231,426
|
|
|
|
2,231,426 |
|
Balance,
September 30, 2008
|
|
|
32,811,257 |
|
|
|
2,494 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
181,242,780 |
|
|
|
2,945,999 |
|
|
|
184,191,273 |
|
Accretion
of Trust Account income relating to common stock subject to possible
conversion
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(92,489 |
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(92,489 |
)
|
Net
income for the three months ended December 31, 2008
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
63,107 |
|
|
|
63,107 |
|
Balance,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
32,811,257
|
|
|
|
2,494
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
181,150,291
|
|
|
|
3,009,106
|
|
|
|
184,161,891 |
|
Initial
capital issuance and contribution from formation of Two Harbors Investment
Corp.
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
990 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
Accretion
of Trust Account income relating to common stock subject to possible
conversion
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(92,872 |
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(92,872 |
)
|
Net
loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2009
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(2,323,819 |
)
|
|
|
(2,323,819 |
)
|
Balance,
September 30, 2009
|
|
|
32,811,257
|
|
|
$ |
2,494 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
$ |
10 |
|
|
$ |
181,058,409 |
|
|
$ |
685,287 |
|
|
$ |
181,746,200 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For
the period from June 26,
|
|
|
|
Nine Months
Ended |
|
|
Nine
Months Ended
|
|
|
2007*
through September
|
|
|
|
September
30, 2009
|
|
|
September
30, 2008
|
|
|
30,
2009
|
|
Cash
Flows From Operating Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
(loss) income
|
|
$ |
(2,323,819 |
) |
|
$ |
2,231,426 |
|
|
$ |
685,287 |
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
change in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease
(Increase) in other current assets
|
|
|
15,413
|
|
|
|
(45,031 |
)
|
|
|
(34,877 |
)
|
Increase
in prepaid corporate taxes
|
|
|
(366,268 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(414,537 |
) |
(Decrease)
in corporate taxes payable
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(552,146 |
)
|
|
|
- |
|
Increase
in accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
980,188
|
|
|
|
71,763
|
|
|
|
1,173,743 |
|
Net
cash (used in) provided by operating activities
|
|
|
(1,694,486 |
)
|
|
|
1,706,012
|
|
|
|
1,409,616 |
|
Cash
Flows From Investing Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trust
Account, restricted
|
|
|
56,692
|
|
|
|
(477,391 |
)
|
|
|
(259,027,351 |
)
|
Cash
held in Trust Account, interest and dividend income available for working
capital and taxes
|
|
|
112,630 |
|
|
|
594,724 |
|
|
|
(21,755 |
) |
Net
cash (used in) provided by investing activities
|
|
|
169,322
|
|
|
|
117,333
|
|
|
|
(259,049,106 |
)
|
Cash
Flows From Financing Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
proceeds from initial public offering
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
250,000,000 |
|
Gross
proceeds from exercise of underwriters' over-allotment
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
12,490,000 |
|
Proceeds
from notes payable, stockholders
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
95,000 |
|
Re-payment
of notes payable, stockholders
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(95,000 |
) |
Proceeds
from issuance of stock to initial shareholders
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
25,000 |
|
Proceeds
from issuance of private stock for the formation of Two Harbors Investment
Corp.
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
Proceeds
from issuance of sponsors' warrants
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,000,000 |
|
Payment
of underwriting discount and offering expenses
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(10,622,531 |
) |
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
258,893,469 |
|
Net
(decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(1,524,164 |
) |
|
|
1,823,345 |
|
|
|
1,253,979 |
|
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
2,778,143
|
|
|
|
461,475
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$ |
1,253,979 |
|
|
$ |
2,284,820 |
|
|
$ |
1,253,979 |
|
Supplemental
Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
(received) paid for taxes
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
1,605,000 |
|
|
$ |
1,755,000 |
|
Non-Cash
Financing Activity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrual
for offering costs charged to additional paid in capital
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
511 |
|
Accretion
of trust account income relating to common stock subject to possible
conversion
|
|
$ |
92,872 |
|
|
$ |
143,217 |
|
|
$ |
328,578 |
|
* Inception
date of Capitol Acquisition Corp. as a development stage company
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note
1. Organization and Operations
Two
Harbors Investment Corp. (“the Company”) is a Maryland corporation formed to
invest primarily in residential mortgage-backed securities. The Company is
externally managed and advised by PRCM Advisers LLC, a subsidiary of Pine River
Capital Management L.P. (“Pine River”), a global multi-strategy asset management
firm. The Company’s common stock and warrants are listed on the NYSE
Amex under the symbols “TWO” and “TWO.WS,” respectively.
The
Company intends to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment
trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with its initial
taxable period ending December 31, 2009. As long as the Company
qualifies as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax to the extent that the Company distributes its taxable income to its
stockholders on an annual basis.
On
June 11, 2009, the Company, Two Harbors Merger Corp. (a wholly-owned subsidiary
of the Company), Pine River and Capitol Acquisition Corp. (“Capitol”) entered
into a merger agreement, which, among other things, provided for the merger of
Capitol into Two Harbors Merger Corp., with Capitol being the surviving entity
and becoming an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
Capitol,
a development stage company, was formed on June 26, 2007 as a publicly
registered vehicle to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition
or other similar business combination with an operating business. On
November 14, 2007, Capitol consummated its initial public offering (the “IPO”)
and deposited $258,346,625 of net proceeds into the Trust Account, with such
funds to be held in trust until the earlier of the completion of Capitol’s
initial business combination or November 8, 2009.
The
Company was formed solely to complete the merger transaction with Capitol and,
prior to such time, had no material assets or liabilities. On October
26, 2009, a majority of Capitol’s stockholders approved the proposed merger
transaction with the Company, and the transaction closed on October 28,
2009. As part of the merger transaction, certain of Capitol’s
officers, directors and special advisors (the “Initial Stockholders”)
surrendered their common stock to the Company for no consideration, and their
shares were cancelled. At the closing of the merger transaction,
certain holders of common stock that was sold as part of the IPO elected to
convert their shares to cash, or sold their shares to the Company, in each case
for a price equal to the per share value of cash held in trust, or $9.87 per
share. At the closing, after deducting transaction costs and
expenses, and after purchasing or converting to cash the shares of common stock
of Capitol stockholders who did not to participate in the merger, the Company
had approximately $124 million in cash available to fund investments and
operations, and a book value of approximately $9.30 per share. The
remaining Capitol stockholders, and all Capitol warrant holders, exchanged their
Capitol shares and warrants for Company shares and warrants on a one-for-one
basis. The new shares and warrants became available to be traded on
the NYSE Amex as of October 29, 2009. The Capitol shares and warrants
were retired and delisted upon completion of the
merger. Capitol ceased being a development stage company at the
completion of the merger.
Upon
completion of the merger, Capitol was considered the accounting acquirer,
similar to a reverse merger. As the surviving entity, Capitol’s financial
information is presented in this Form 10-Q on a historical carryover basis and
the Company has assumed Capitol’s reporting obligations for the period ended
September 30, 2009. As a result, these financial statements are not
indicative of the consolidated financial statements of the Company subsequent to
October 28, 2009. See Note 7 – Subsequent Events of the
Notes to Financial Statements for expanded discussion of the completed
merger.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note
2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting
Policies
Consolidation
and Basis of Presentation
These
unaudited, condensed, consolidated interim financial statements of the Company,
as of September 30, 2009, and for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2009 and 2008, and for the period from June 26, 2007 (inception date of
Capitol, a development stage company) through September 30, 2009, have been
prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, for interim financial information and with the
instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of
the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America for complete financial
statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting
of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have
been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented
are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other
interim period or for the full year.
These
unaudited condensed, consolidated interim financial statements should be read in
conjunction with the audited financial statements of Capitol and notes thereto
as of December 31, 2008, and for the period ended December 31, 2008
included in Capitol’s Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2009. The
accounting policies used in preparing these unaudited condensed interim
financial statements are consistent with those described in the
December 31, 2008 financial statements.
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain
amounts in the prior quarters’ condensed financial statements have been
reclassified to conform with the presentation in the current year condensed,
consolidated financial statements. These reclassifications have no
effect on previously reported income.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
Cash and
cash equivalents include cash in bank and cash held in money market funds on an
overnight basis. The Company is required to disclose significant
concentrations of credit risk regardless of the degree of risk. At
September 30, 2009, financial instruments that potentially expose the
Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents held in the Trust
Account. The Company maintains its Trust Account cash balances in a
U.S. Treasury only money market fund at one financial institution and its
working capital cash balance at another financial institution. As of
September 30, 2009 the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured
balances in bank accounts up to $250,000 and the Securities Investor Protection
Corporation insured balances up to $500,000 in brokerage accounts.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Accretion
of Trust Account Relating to Common Stock Subject to Possible
Conversion
The
Company records accretion of the income earned in the Trust Account relating to
the common stock subject to possible conversion based on the excess of the
earnings for the period over the amount which is available to be used for
working capital and taxes. Since 30% (less one share) of the shares
issued in the IPO are subject to possible conversion, the portion of the excess
earnings related to those shares are reflected on the balance sheet as part of
“Common stock subject to possible conversion” and is deducted from “Additional
paid-in capital.” This portion of the excess earnings is also
presented as a deduction from net (loss) income on the Statements of Operations
to appropriately reflect the amount of net (loss) income which would remain
available to the common stockholders who did not elect to convert their shares
to cash.
Taxes
The
Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code
(“Code”) and the corresponding provisions of state law. To qualify as
a REIT the Company must distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable
income to shareholders (not including taxable income retained in its taxable
subsidiaries) within the time frame set forth in the tax code and the Company
must also meet certain other requirements. In addition, because
certain activities, if performed by the Company, may cause the Company to earn
income which is not qualifying for the REIT gross income tests, the Company has
formed taxable REIT subsidiaries, as defined in the Code, to engage in such
activities.
The
Company assesses its tax positions for all open tax years and determines whether
the Company has any material unrecognized liabilities in accordance with overall
(“ASC 740-10”) codified guidance. The Company records these
liabilities to the extent the Company deems them incurred. The
Company classifies interest and penalties on material uncertain tax positions as
interest expense and operating expense, respectively, in its consolidated
statements of (loss) income.
As of
September 30, 2009 and the periods prior to that date, Capitol’s operations are
taxable as a domestic C corporation and subject to federal, state, and local
income taxes based upon its taxable income (loss).
(Loss)
Earning Per Share
Basic
(loss) earnings per share are computed by dividing net (loss) income by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the
period. Diluted (loss) earnings per share are computed by dividing
net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares and potential
common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares
outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock method, which assumes that
all dilutive common stock equivalents are exercised and the funds generated by
the exercises are used to buy back outstanding common stock at the average
market price of the common stock during the reporting period. In accordance with
Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”) codified guidance, if there is a loss from
continuing operations, the common stock equivalents are deemed anti dilutive and
diluted (loss) earnings per share is calculated in the same manner as basic
(loss) earnings per share.
As of
September 30, 2009, 7,874,699 shares of common stock that were subject to
possible conversion have been excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted
earnings per share because such shares, if converted, only participate in their
pro rata share of the trust earnings.
Earnings
(loss) per common share amounts, assuming dilution (“Diluted EPS”), gives effect
to dilutive options, warrants, and other potential common stock outstanding
during the period. ASC 260 requires the presentation of both Basic
EPS and Diluted EPS on the face of the statements of operations. In accordance
with ASC 260, the Company has not considered the effect of its outstanding
warrants in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise
of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future
events.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Recently
Issued Accounting Standards
General
Principles
Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (ASC 105). In June 2009, the FASB issued The
Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (Codification) (the “Codification”) which revises the
framework for selecting the accounting principles to be used in the preparation
of financial statements that are presented in conformity with
GAAP. The objective of the Codification is to establish the FASB
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) as the source of authoritative
accounting principles recognized by the FASB. In adopting the
Codification, all non-grandfathered, non-SEC accounting literature not included
in the Codification is superseded and deemed non-authoritative. The
Codification will require any references within the Company’s consolidated
financial statements to be modified from FASB issues to ASC. However,
in accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification Notice to
Constituents (v 2.0), the Company will not reference specific sections of the
ASC but will use broad topic references. The Company’s recent
accounting pronouncements section has been reformatted to reflect the same
organizational structure as the ASC. Broad topic references will be
updated with pending content as they are released.
Assets
Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities (ASC 320). New guidance was provided to make
impairment guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and
disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on debt and equity
securities in financial statements. The guidance revises the OTTI
evaluation methodology. Previously the analytical focus was on
whether a company had the “intent and ability to retain its investment in the
security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery
in fair value.” Now the focus is on whether a company (1) has the
intent to sell the investment securities, (2) is more likely than not to be
required to sell the investment securities before recovery, or (3) does not
expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the investment securities.
Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss, (the difference between the
present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost
basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the
statement of operations, while the balance of impairment related to other
factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income. The
adoption of this ASC did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial condition or results of operations for the period ending
September 30, 2009.
Broad
Transactions
Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815).
Effective January 1, 2009, the FASB issued additional guidance attempting
to improve the transparency of financial reporting by mandating the provision of
additional information about how derivative and hedging activities affect an
entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash
flows. This guidance changed the disclosure requirements for
derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosure
about (1) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (2) how derivative
instruments and related hedged items are accounted for, and (3) how derivative
instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position,
financial performance, and cash flows. To adhere to this guidance,
qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives,
quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts, gains and losses on
derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit risk-related contingent
features in derivative agreements must be made. This disclosure
framework is intended to better convey the purpose of derivative use in terms of
the risks that an entity is intending to manage. Because this ASC
impacts the disclosure and not the accounting treatment for derivative
instruments and related hedge items, the adoption of this ASC did not have an
impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of
operations.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures (ASC 820). In response to the deterioration of the
credit markets, the FASB issued guidance clarifying how fair value measurements
should be applied when valuing securities in markets that are not
active. It further clarifies how observable market information and
market quotes should be considered when measuring fair value in an inactive
market. It reaffirms the notion of fair value as an exit price as of
the measurement date and that fair value analysis is a transactional process and
should not be broadly applied to a group of assets. The guidance was
effective upon issuance including with respect to prior periods for which
financial statements had not been issued. The FASB also issued
additional guidance for determining fair value when the volume and level of
activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased when compared
with normal market activity for the asset or liability (or similar assets or
liabilities). The guidance gives specific factors to evaluate if
there has been a decrease in normal market activity and if so, provides a
methodology to analyze transactions or quoted prices and make necessary
adjustments to fair value. The objective is to determine the point
within a range of fair value estimates that is most representative of fair value
under current market conditions. The Company does not foresee this
guidance having a material impact on the manner in which the Company expects to
estimate fair value. In August 2009, the FASB provided further
guidance regarding the fair value measurement of liabilities. The
guidance states that a quoted price for the identical liability when traded as
an asset in an active market is a Level 1 fair value measurement. If
the value must be adjusted for factors specific to the liability, then the
adjustment to the quoted price of the asset shall render the fair value
measurement of the liability a lower level measurement. The adoption
of this ASC did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated
financial condition or results of operations for the period ending September 30,
2009.
Financial Instruments (ASC
820-10-50). On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued guidance which requires
disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting
periods as well as in annual financial statements. The effective date
of this guidance is for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009
with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15,
2009. Because this ASC impacts the disclosure and not the accounting
treatment for financial instruments, the adoption of this ASC did not have an
impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of
operations.
Subsequent Events (ASC
855). ASC 855 provides general standards governing accounting
for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before
the financial statements are issued or are available to be
issued. ASC 855 also provides guidance on the period after the
balance sheet date during which management of a reporting entity should evaluate
events or transactions that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in
the financial statements, the circumstances under which an entity should
recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date in its
financial statements and the disclosures that an entity should make about events
or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date. Because this
ASC impacts the disclosure and not the accounting treatment for subsequent
events, the adoption of this ASC did not have an impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Transfers and Servicing (ASC
860-10-50). In February 2008, the FASB issued guidance
addressing whether transactions where assets purchased from a particular
counterparty and financed through a repurchase agreement with the same
counterparty can be considered and accounted for as separate transactions, or
are required to be considered “linked” transactions and may be considered
derivatives. This guidance requires purchases and subsequent
financing through repurchase agreements to be considered linked transactions
unless all of the following conditions apply: (1) the initial purchase and the
use of repurchase agreements to finance the purchase are not contractually
contingent upon each other; (2) the repurchase financing entered into between
the parties provides full recourse to the transferee and the repurchase price is
fixed; (3) the financial assets are readily obtainable in the market; and (4)
the financial instrument and the repurchase agreement are not
coterminous. The accounting standards governing the transfer and
servicing of financial assets are effective for the Company beginning January 1,
2010. The Company is currently assessing the effect the new standard
will have on its financial statements.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note
3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The
Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both
assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the consolidated balance
sheet, for which fair value can be estimated.
The
Company’s financial instruments are cash, including cash held in trust
(restricted), and cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash and
cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short maturities of
these instruments.
Note
4. Income Taxes
For the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Company recognized
federal tax benefits of $119,483 and $366,268, respectively, resulting from the
available carry-back of net losses of $351,421 and $1,077,258,
respectively. The effective tax rates were (11.5%) and (13.6%),
respectively for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 as
compared to the statutory rate of (34%). The difference between the
effective and statutory tax rates was mainly due to the non-deductibility, for
tax purposes, of $0.7 million and $1.6 million of acquisition related costs for
the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009,
respectively.
For the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company recognized federal
tax provisions of $182,556 and $1,052,854, respectively. The
effective tax rate of 32% for the nine months ended as compared to the statutory
rate of 34% was driven by the utilization of a tax over accrual for the prior
year.
Note
5. Stockholder’s Equity
As of
September 30, 2009, the Company and its predecessor entity, Capitol, had issued
a certain amount of private common stock in Two Harbors Investment Corp. and
publicly registered common stock of Capitol Acquisition Corp. The
stockholder’s equity as of September 30, 2009 is not reflective of the equity in
the Company post-merger, which is discussed in Note 7 – Subsequent Events of the
Notes to the Financial Statements.
The
following section discloses the components of stockholder’s equity as of
September 30, 2009.
Private
Common Stock of Two Harbors Investment Corp. as of September 30,
2009
As of
September 30, 2009, 1,000 shares of common stock ($0.01 par) were issued and
outstanding. Pine River is the sole owner of this
stock. These shares of Company stock issued to Pine
River on June 11, 2009 upon incorporation were repurchased under the terms of
the completed merger with Capitol on October 28, 2009.
Registered
Preferred Stock of Capitol Acquisition Corp. as of September 30,
2009
Capitol
is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such
designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from
time to time by the Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2009, no
shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding, and no preferred stock has
been issued subsequent to such date by either Capitol or the
Company.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Registered
Common Stock of Capitol Acquisition Corp. (predecessor of Two Harbors Investment
Corp.)
Capitol
was initially authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of common stock with a par
value of $.0001 per share. Capitol’s Certificate of Incorporation was
amended prior to the completion of the public offering to increase the number of
authorized shares of common stock from 50,000,000 to 75,000,000.
As of
September 30, 2009, there were 32,811,257 shares of common stock outstanding and
33,249,000 warrants outstanding. All shares of common stock owned by
the Initial Stockholders (a total of 6,562,257 shares) were surrendered and
cancelled as of October 28, 2009, as part of the closing of the merger
transaction with the Company.
Upon
completion of the merger transaction with the Company, Capitol’s outstanding
common stock (other than stock that was cancelled, converted to cash or sold to
Capitol for cash at the closing of the merger), and Capitol’s warrants, were
converted into like securities of Two Harbors Investment Corp., on a one-to-one
basis.
Note
6. Commitments and Contingencies
As of
September 30, 2009, the Company and principally its subsidiary, Capitol, were
parties to various consulting, underwriting and operational
agreements. The majority of these agreements contained terms which
were contingent upon the completion of the merger with the
Company. Subsequent to the completion of the merger, the Company made
payments to the various counterparties and the on-going commitments and
contingencies were otherwise fulfilled. See Note 7 – Subsequent Events of the
Notes to Financial Statements
Note
7. Subsequent Events
On
October 26, 2009, Capitol’s stockholders approved the proposed merger
transaction with the Company, and the transaction closed on October 28,
2009. In connection with the closing, Capitol’s outstanding common
stock and warrants were converted into like securities of the Company, on a
one-to-one basis. The holders of Capitol’s common stock and warrants
became holders of the securities of the Company after the merger in the same
proportion as their holdings in Capitol immediately before the merger, except as
(i) increased by (A) the cancellation of 6,562,257 shares of Capitol
common stock (the “Founders’ Shares”) held by the Initial Stockholders,
(B) conversion of 6,875,130 shares of Capitol common stock sold in
Capitol’s initial public offering (“Public Shares”) by holders thereof who
exercised their conversion rights to have their shares converted from the funds
held in the Trust Account into $9.87 per share and (C) the purchase of
5,994,661 Public Shares pursuant to forward sales agreements that provided for
Capitol to purchase such shares after the closing of the merger at a price of
$9.87 per share and (ii) decreased by the issuance of 22,159 shares of
restricted stock to the Company’s independent directors at the
closing.
In
addition, in connection with the closing of the merger transaction, the Company
entered into a supplement and amendment to the warrant agreement that governs
the warrants, the terms of which, among other things, (i) increased the
exercise price of the warrants from $7.50 per share to $11.00 per share,
(ii) extended the expiration date of the warrants from November 7,
2012 to November 7, 2013 and (iii) limited a holder’s ability to
exercise warrants to ensure that such holder’s Beneficial Ownership or
Constructive Ownership as defined in the Company’s charter does not exceed the
restrictions contained in the charter limiting the ownership of shares of the
Company’s common stock.
The
Company has also entered into a management agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC,
pursuant to which PRCM Advisers LLC is entitled to receive a management fee and
the reimbursement of certain expenses from the Company. PRCM Advisers LLC uses the
proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to Pine River’s
officers and personnel who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are
officers of the Company, receive no cash compensation directly from the
Company. However, the Company reimburses PRCM Advisers LLC for
(i) the Company’s allocable share of the compensation paid by PRCM Advisers
LLC to its personnel serving as the Company’s principal financial officer and
general counsel and personnel employed by PRCM Advisers LLC as in-house legal,
tax, accounting, consulting, auditing, administrative, information technology,
valuation, computer programming and development and back-office resources to the
Company, and (ii) any amounts for personnel of PRCM Advisers LLC’s
affiliates arising under a shared facilities and services
agreement.
TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(a
development stage company)
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At the closing, after deducting
transaction costs and expenses and payments to Capitol stockholders, the Company
had approximately $124 million in cash available to fund investments and
operations, and a book value of approximately $9.30 per share. The
cash held by the Company, including the cash held in the Trust Account, totaling
approximately $260 million as of September 30, 2009 was reduced at the
completion of the merger for: (1) payment of approximately
$8 million related to transaction costs incurred and payable upon the close of
the merger for underwriting, accounting, legal, advisory and other transaction
related services, (2) reduction of cash of approximately $127 million
for the conversion or forward sales agreements of Capitol’s public shares into
their pro rata share of the funds in the trust, which equates to the value of
12,869,791 shares of common stock (49.0% of the Public Shares) at a value of
$9.87 per share, the current per share conversion price, and
(3) payment of approximately $0.5 million of operating expenses
incurred by Capitol to support operations up to the closing of the
merger.
As of
December 8, 2009, the Company had acquired a portfolio of its target assets with
an aggregate acquisition cost of approximately $488 million, using the $124
million of cash available to fund investments. The investment
portfolio was comprised of approximately $410 million of agency residential
mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), approximately $62 million of non-agency
RMBS and approximately $16 million of interest-only securities. The
Company also had entered into repurchase agreements totaling approximately $264
million with additional repurchase agreements totaling approximately
$119 million expected to be entered into subsequently on settlement of open
trade positions. The initial aggregate portfolio of $488 million
reflects an estimated 95% capital deployment of the target investment portfolio
as of December 8, 2009.
Events
subsequent to September 30, 2009 were evaluated through December 11, 2009, the
date of which these financial statements were issued.
Item
2. Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
We are a
recently formed company that focuses on investing in, financing and managing
RMBS and mortgage loans and intend to qualify as a real estate investment trust
(“REIT”) as defined under the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”).
The terms
“Two Harbors,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Two Harbors Investment Corp. and
its subsidiaries as a consolidated entity. The term “Capitol” refers
to Capitol Acquisition Corp., which subsequent to the closing of the merger
transaction became a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Two
Harbors. Upon completion of the merger, Capitol was considered the
accounting acquirer, similar to a reverse merger. As the surviving entity,
Capitol’s financial information is presented in this Form 10-Q on a historical
carryover basis and the Company has assumed Capitol’s reporting obligations for
the period ended September 30, 2009. As a result, these financial
statements are not indicative of the consolidated financial statements of the
Company subsequent to October 28, 2009. See Note 7 – Subsequent Events of the
Notes to Financial Statements for expanded discussion of the completed
merger.
Our
objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over
the long term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital
appreciation. We intend to acquire and manage a portfolio of
mortgage-backed securities, focusing on security selection and the relative
value of various sectors within the mortgage market. We seek to
invest in the following asset classes:
|
•
|
|
RMBS
for which a U.S. Government agency or a federally chartered corporation
guarantees payments of principal and interest on the securities (“Agency
RMBS”),
|
|
•
|
|
RMBS
that are not issued or guaranteed by a U.S. Government agency or federally
chartered corporation (“non-Agency RMBS”),
and
|
|
•
|
|
Assets
other than RMBS, comprising approximately 5% to 10% of the
portfolio.
|
We expect
to deploy moderate leverage as part of our investment strategy, through, with
respect to Agency RMBS, short-term borrowings structured as repurchase
agreements and, with respect to non-Agency RMBS, private funding
sources. We may also finance portions of our portfolio through
non-recourse term borrowing facilities and equity financing provided by
government programs, if such financing becomes available.
Our
objective is to capitalize on the current dislocation impacting the residential
mortgage market by acquiring, financing and managing a diversified portfolio of
our target assets. Since 2007, adverse changes in financial market
conditions have resulted in a deleveraging of the global financial system and
the sale of large quantities of mortgage-related and other financial
assets. As a result of these conditions, many traditional mortgage
investors have suffered severe losses in their residential mortgage portfolios
and several traditional providers of capital have left the market, resulting in
a significant contraction in market liquidity for mortgage-related
assets. These circumstances have created the opportunity to acquire
RMBS assets at lower values and higher yield compared to prior
periods.
We are a
Maryland corporation that commenced operations upon completion of the merger
with Capitol, which is described in more detail below. We intend to elect and
qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing
with our initial taxable period ending December 31, 2009. To
qualify as a REIT we will be required to meet certain investment and operating
test and annual distribution requirements. We generally will not be subject to
U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually
distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders and maintain our
intended qualification as a REIT. However,
certain activities that we may perform may cause us to earn income which does
not qualify for the REIT purposes. We have preserved Capitol as a taxable REIT
subsidiary (or “TRS”), as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities, and
we may in the future form additional TRS’s. We also intend to operate
our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from
registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940
Act”).
Capitol
Acquisition Corp. (as of September 30, 2009 and pre-merger)
Capitol
was a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on
June 26, 2007 to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset
acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with
one or more businesses or assets. On November 14, 2007, Capitol
completed its initial public offering of 25,000,000 units at a price of $10.00
per unit. Capitol received net proceeds of approximately $239.8
million from its initial public offering. Each unit consisted of one
share of Capitol’s common stock and one Redeemable Common Stock Purchase
Warrant. Each warrant entitled the holder to purchase from Capitol
one share of common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 commencing the later of
the completion of a Business Combination or November 8, 2008 and expiring
November 8, 2012.
Capitol
received proceeds of $12,021,625, net of underwriting discounts of $468,375, on
December 12, 2007, as a result of the underwriters exercising their
over-allotment option of 1,249,000 units.
Pursuant
to subscription agreements dated October 12, 2007, certain of the Initial
Stockholders, purchased from Capitol, in the aggregate, 7,000,000 warrants for
$7,000,000. The purchase and issuance of these warrants occurred
simultaneously with consummation of the IPO on a private placement
basis. All of the proceeds received from the foregoing sale of
securities were placed in the Trust Account.
Capitol
Acquisition Corp. (post-merger)
On
October 26, 2009, the majority of Capitol’s stockholders approved the
proposed merger transaction with Two Harbors, and the transaction closed on
October 28, 2009. In connection with the closing, Capitol’s
outstanding common stock and warrants were converted into like securities of the
Company, on a one-to-one basis. The holders of Capitol’s common stock
and warrants became holders of the securities of the Company after the merger in
the same proportion as their holdings in Capitol immediately before the merger,
except as (i) increased by (A) the cancellation of 6,562,257 shares of
Capitol common stock (the “Founders’ Shares”) held by the Initial Stockholders,
(B) conversion of 6,875,130 shares of Capitol common stock sold in
Capitol’s initial public offering (“Public Shares”) by holders thereof who
exercised their conversion rights to have their shares converted from the funds
held in the Trust Account into $9.87 per share and (C) the purchase of
5,994,661 Public Shares pursuant to forward sales agreements that provided for
Capitol to purchase such shares after the closing of the merger at a price of
$9.87 per share and (ii) decreased by the issuance of 22,159 shares of
restricted stock to the Company’s independent directors at the
closing. In addition, in connection with the closing, the Company
entered into a supplement and amendment to the warrant agreement that governs
the warrants, the terms of which, among other things, (i) increased the
exercise price of the warrants from $7.50 per share to $11.00 per share,
(ii) extended the expiration date of the warrants from November 7,
2012 to November 7, 2013 and (iii) limited a holder’s ability to
exercise warrants to ensure that such holder’s Beneficial Ownership or
Constructive Ownership as defined in the Company’s charter does not exceed the
restrictions contained in the charter limiting the ownership of shares of the
Company’s common stock.
In
accordance with the merger agreement, Capitol merged with and into Two Harbors
Merger Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Two Harbors, with Capitol being the
surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Two
Harbors.
The
following chart shows our structure subsequent to the completion of the
merger. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our
wholly-owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Operating Company LLC (the “Subsidiary
LLC”). The Subsidiary LLC in turn conducts its business through two
separate subsidiaries, which hold different combinations of our target asset
classes. Capitol is one such subsidiary, which we have elected to treat as a
TRS.
Recent
Developments
Following
the completion of the merger transaction on October 28, 2009, we have been
actively working to deploy our initial capital of $124 million. As of
December 8, 2009, we have invested the net proceeds from the merger transaction,
as well as funds that we borrowed under repurchase agreements, to purchase
approximately $488 million of RMBS. The following table depicts the
investment portfolio composition:
Agency
Bonds
|
|
Amount
($M)
|
|
Weighted
Average
Coupon
(%)
|
|
Weighted
Average
Price
($)
|
|
Estimated Yield
Range1 (%)
|
Fixed
Rate Bonds
|
|
$99
|
|
5.23%
|
|
$104.6
|
|
4.00-4.30%
|
Hybrid
ARMs
|
|
$311
|
|
4.38%
|
|
$104.9
|
|
2.25-2.50%
|
Total
Agency
|
|
$410
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
2.60-3.00%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Agency
Bonds
|
|
Amount
($M)
|
|
Weighted
Average
Coupon
(%)
|
|
Weighted Average
Price
($)
|
|
Estimated Yield
Range1 (%)
|
Senior
Bonds
|
|
$37
|
|
2.86%
|
|
$55.3
|
|
8-12%
|
Mezzanine
Bonds
|
|
$25
|
|
2.55%
|
|
$38.9
|
|
12-20%
|
Total
Non-Agency
|
|
$62
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
10-15%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
Only Bonds
|
|
Amount
($M)
|
|
Weighted
Average
Coupon
(%)
|
|
Weighted Average
Price
($)
|
|
Estimated Yield
Range1 (%)
|
IO
Bonds
|
|
$16
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
10-15%
|
(1)
|
Actual
realized yields will depend on realized prepayment speeds for Agency
bonds. In addition to prepayment speeds, actual yields will
depend on the timing and extent of loan defaults and recoveries for
Non-Agency bonds. Estimated yields do not include any costs of
operating or managing Two Harbors and are not an indication of estimated
earnings.
|
We have
entered into master repurchase agreements with five
counterparties. As of December 8, 2009, we had borrowed $264 million
under those master repurchase agreements to finance our purchase of agency
RMBS. In addition, we expect to borrow an additional $119 million for
the funding of the securities noted above to settle open trade
positions. The estimated weighted average rate for our total
borrowing is 0.34% and our current debt to equity ratio will be approximately
3.09:1.
Overall,
we have deployed approximately 95% of the portfolio’s target aggregate
investments as indicated by the following table:
Aggregate
Capital for Investment ($M)
|
|
$124
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset
|
|
Target
Allocation
(%)
|
|
Capital for
Investment1 ($M)
|
|
Assumed
Haircut
(%)
|
|
Total Target
Assets1 ($M)
|
|
Total
Assets Purchased ($M)
|
|
Invested
(%)
|
Agency
|
|
30
- 35%
|
|
$40
|
|
10%
|
|
$400
|
|
$410
|
|
100%
|
Non-Agency
Senior
|
|
25
- 30%
|
|
$34
|
|
50%
|
|
$68
|
|
$37
|
|
54%
|
Non-Agency
Mezzanine
|
|
15
- 25%
|
|
$25
|
|
100%
|
|
$25
|
|
$25
|
|
100%
|
IO
Bonds
|
|
10
- 20%
|
|
$19
|
|
100%
|
|
$19
|
|
$16
|
|
84%
|
Cash2
|
|
0 -
10%
|
|
$6
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
|
100%
|
|
$124
|
|
|
|
$512
|
|
$488
|
|
95%
|
(1)
|
Portfolio
assumes mid-point of the range for each asset class.
|
|
|
(2)
|
Cash
target represents current working capital for excess liquidity
requirements and Two Harbors operating activities. Current cash
allocation depicted is not necessarily reflective of future cash balances
to be held by the Company when fully invested. Cash is
anticipated to yield approximately 0.00% to
0.25%.
|
Cautionary
Statement
This
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents incorporated by reference herein
contain forward looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor
provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and
uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations,
estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these
forward-looking statements as predictions of future
events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and
can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “target,”
“assume,’ “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan” and similar
expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or
intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in this Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q, under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks,
uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially
from those projected are described below and may be described from time to time
in reports we file with the SEC, including reports on Forms 10-Q and
8-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future
events, or otherwise.
Summary
of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
For the
three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we had net (loss) income of
$(919,927) and $548,631 after a benefit (provision) for income taxes of $119,483
and $(182,556). For the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and
2008, we had a net (loss) income of $(2.3 million) and $2.2 million after a
benefit (provision) for income taxes of $366,268 and $(1.1
million). For the period from June 26, 2007 (inception) through
September 30, 2009, we had net income of $685,287 after a provision for
income taxes of $1,340,463. We incurred operating expenses for the
three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 of $1.0 million and
$225,564, for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 of $2.7
million and $776,333, and for the period from June 26, 2007 (inception)
through September 30, 2009 of $3.9 million. These costs
consisted primarily of professional and consulting fees (of which $1.6 million
relates to the costs incurred for the merger with Two Harbors Investment
Corp.).
As of the
date of this filing, Two Harbors, excluding the historical operations of
Capitol, had limited operations. We commenced operations following
the consummation of our merger with Capitol and the subsequent release of funds
from Capitol’s trust account to us.
Factors
Impacting Two Harbors’ Operating Results
We expect
that the results of our operations will be affected by a number of factors and
will depend on, among other things, the level of our net interest income and the
market value of our assets. Our net interest income will include
income from our RMBS and other investments and will reflect the amortization of
purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts. Net interest
income will vary primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates, our
financing costs, and prepayment speeds on our assets. Interest rates,
financing costs and prepayment rates vary according to the type of investment,
conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of
which can be predicted with any certainty. Our operating results may
also be affected by credit losses in excess of initial anticipations or
unanticipated credit events experienced by borrowers whose mortgage loans
collateralize our non-Agency RMBS.
Changes in Market
Value of Two Harbors’ Assets. Our business strategy is to hold
our target assets as long-term investments. As such, we expect that
our RMBS will be carried at their fair value, as available-for-sale, with
changes in fair value recorded through accumulated other comprehensive
income/(loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, rather than through
earnings. As a result, we do not expect that changes in the market
value of the assets will normally impact our operating
results. However, at least on a quarterly basis, we will assess both
our ability and intent to continue to hold our assets as long-term
investments. As part of this process, we will monitor our target
assets for other-than-temporary impairment. A change in our ability
and/or intent to continue to hold any of our investment securities could result
in us recognizing an impairment charge or realizing losses upon the sale of such
securities.
Changes in Market
Interest Rates. With respect to our business operations, increases in
interest rates, in general, may over time cause:
|
•
|
the interest expense associated
with our borrowings to
increase;
|
|
•
|
the value of our fixed-rate RMBS
portfolio to decline;
|
|
•
|
coupons on our adjustable-rate
and hybrid RMBS to reset, although on a delayed basis, to higher interest
rates;
|
|
•
|
prepayments on our RMBS portfolio
to slow, thereby slowing the amortization of Two Harbors’ purchase
premiums and the accretion of our purchase discounts;
and
|
|
•
|
to the extent we enter into
interest rate swap agreements as part of our hedging strategy, the value
of these agreements to
increase.
|
Conversely,
decreases in interest rates, in general, may over time cause:
|
•
|
prepayments on our RMBS portfolio
to increase, thereby accelerating the amortization of our purchase
premiums and the accretion of our purchase
discounts;
|
|
•
|
the interest expense associated
with our borrowings to
decrease;
|
|
•
|
the value of our fixed-rate RMBS
portfolio to increase;
|
|
•
|
to the extent we enter into
interest rate swap agreements as part of our hedging strategy, the value
of these agreements to decrease,
and
|
|
•
|
coupons on our adjustable-rate
and hybrid RMBS assets to reset, although on a delayed basis, to lower
interest rates.
|
Because
changes in interest rates may significantly affect our activities, our operating
results depend, in large part, upon our ability to effectively manage interest
rate risks and prepayment risks while maintaining our qualification as a
REIT.
Prepayment
Speeds. Prepayment speeds may be affected by a number of
factors including the availability of mortgage credit, the relative economic
vitality of the area in which the related properties are located, the servicing
of the mortgage loans, the amount remaining on the loan, the age of the
homeowner, possible changes in tax laws, other opportunities for investment,
homeowner mobility and other economic, social, geographic, demographic and legal
factors. We expect that, over time, our adjustable-rate and hybrid
RMBS will experience higher prepayment rates than fixed-rate RMBS, because we
believe that homeowners with adjustable-rate and hybrid mortgage loans exhibit
more rapid housing turnover levels or refinancing activity compared to
fixed-rate borrowers.
Credit
Risk. Although we do not expect to encounter credit risk in
our Agency RMBS, we do expect to be subject to varying degrees of credit risk in
connection with non-Agency RMBS and other target assets. We will seek
to manage this risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence process, and with
respect to any particular target asset, PRCM Advisers LLC’s investment team will
evaluate relative valuation, supply and demand trends, shape of yield curves,
prepayment rates, delinquency and default rates, recovery of various sectors and
vintage of collateral. Nevertheless, unanticipated credit losses
could occur which could adversely impact our operating results.
Size of
Portfolio; Leverage. The size of our portfolio of assets, as
measured by the aggregate principal balance of our mortgage-related securities
and the other assets we own, is also a key revenue driver. We may
employ moderate leverage to increase the size of our investment portfolio, where
we believe it can improve risk-adjusted returns to
investors. Generally, as the size of our portfolio grows, the amount
of interest income we receive increases. To the extent we employ
leverage to increase the size of the portfolio; our interest expense will also
increase. A larger portfolio may also result in increased operating
expenses, although we expect to achieve economies of scale with respect to
operating expenses.
Spreads on
RMBS. The spread between the yield on our assets and our
funding costs will affect the performance of our business. The spread
between U.S. Treasuries and RMBS has recently been volatile. Wider
spreads imply greater income on new asset purchases but may have a negative
impact on our stated book value. Wider spreads may also negatively
impact asset prices. In an environment where spreads are widening,
counterparties may require additional collateral to secure borrowings which may
require us to reduce leverage by selling assets. Conversely, tighter
spreads imply lower income on new asset purchases but may have a positive impact
on our stated book value. Tighter spreads may have a positive impact
on asset prices. In this case, we may be able to reduce the amount of
collateral required to secure borrowings.
Extension
Risk. PRCM Advisers LLC will compute the projected
weighted-average life of our assets based on assumptions regarding the rate at
which the borrowers will prepay the underlying mortgages. In general,
when we acquire a fixed-rate, adjustable rate or hybrid RMBS, we may, but are
not required to, enter into an interest rate swap agreement or other hedging
instrument that effectively fixes our borrowing costs for a period close to the
anticipated average life of the fixed-rate portion of the related
assets. This strategy is designed to protect us from rising interest
rates because the borrowing costs are fixed for the duration of the fixed-rate
portion of the related assets. However, if prepayment rates decrease
in a rising interest rate environment, the life of the fixed-rate portion of the
related assets could extend beyond the term of the swap agreement or other
hedging instrument. This could have a negative impact on our results
of operations, as borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the
hedging instrument while the income earned on the adjustable rate or hybrid RMBS
would remain fixed. This situation may also cause the market value of
our adjustable rate or hybrid RMBS to decline, with little or no offsetting gain
from the related hedging transactions. In extreme situations, we may
be forced to sell assets to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause us to
incur losses.
Market
Conditions. We believe that our target assets present
attractive risk-adjusted return profiles. Since 2007, adverse changes in
financial market conditions have resulted in a deleveraging of the global
financial system and the sale of large quantities of mortgage-related and other
financial assets. As a result of these conditions, many traditional mortgage
investors have suffered severe losses in their residential mortgage portfolios
and several traditional providers of capital have left the market, resulting in
a significant contraction in market liquidity for mortgage-related
assets. We believe Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, historically the
overseers of relative value in the RMBS markets, are constrained from
participating in the current price discrepancies because of their weakened
financial condition. The capital bases of other traditional market
participants such as proprietary trading desks and hedge funds have been
reduced, and there has been continued forced selling by those participants that
remain. These circumstances have created the opportunity to acquire
RMBS assets at lower values and higher yields compared to prior
periods.
We
believe that market conditions will continue to affect our operating results and
will cause us to adjust our acquisition and financing strategies over time as
new opportunities emerge and risk profiles of our business change.
Dividends
We intend
to pay regular quarterly dividends to holders of our common
stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT
distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, without regard to
the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it
pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes
less than 100% of our net taxable income. Subject to the requirements
of the Maryland General Corporation Law, we intend to pay regular quarterly
dividends to our stockholders in an amount equal to our net taxable income, if
and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Before we pay
any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must
first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our repurchase
agreements and other debt payable. If our cash available for
distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to sell
assets or borrow funds to pay cash dividends or we may make a portion of the
required dividend in the form of a taxable stock dividend or dividend of debt
securities. In addition, prior to the time we have fully used the
funds released to us from the Trust Account to acquire our target assets; we may
fund quarterly dividends out of such funds.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
As of
September 30, 2009, we held cash in our operating account of $1.3 million
and an additional $259.0 million in its Trust Account of which $21,755 was
available for us to use for taxes and the remainder could only be used in
connection with an acquisition, or full or partial conversion of the shares
issued pursuant to the offering. From the date of Capitol’s initial
public offering, through the merger transaction with Two Harbors, our only
source of income has been from interest and dividends earned on its cash
accounts. Upon consummation of its initial public offering through
March 27, 2008, the proceeds were invested in the Merrill Lynch Government
Fund, an institutional money market mutual fund that invests all its assets in
U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities and securities
issued by U.S. government sponsored enterprises and repurchase agreements
involving such securities. Since March 28, 2008, through
completion of the merger transaction with Two Harbors, such proceeds were
invested in the Merrill Lynch Treasury Fund (Symbol:MLTXX), an institutional
money market mutual fund that invests all its assets in direct obligations of
the U.S. Treasury.
Liquidity
is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including
on-going commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and
operations, make distributions to our stockholders and other general business
needs. We will require significant cash to purchase our target
assets, repay principal and interest on our borrowings, make distributions to
our stockholders and fund our operations subsequent to the completed
merger.
Our
primary sources of cash consist of the approximately $124 million in cash
available to fund investments and operations that was released to us from
Capitol’s Trust Account upon closing of the merger transaction, payments of
principal and interest we receive on our portfolio of assets, cash generated
from our operating results, unused borrowing capacity under our financing
sources and proceeds that may be received from the exercise of our warrants
(other than the warrants owned by the Initial Stockholders which can be
exercised on a non-cash basis). Our primary sources of financing are
expected to be through repurchase agreements, but our financing sources may also
include credit facilities (including term loans and revolving
facilities). Our plan is to finance our assets with a moderate amount
of leverage, the level of which may vary based upon the particular
characteristics of our portfolio and on market conditions. We may
deploy, on a debt-to-equity basis, up to seven to ten times leverage on our
Agency RMBS assets. We may under current market conditions deploy
some leverage on our non-Agency RMBS assets utilizing repurchase agreements as
the source of financing. Also, we may increase our use of leverage
for non-Agency RMBS in conjunction with financings that may be available under
programs established by the U.S. government. However, as of the date
hereof, the government has suspended its former plans to expand the Federal
Reserve System’s Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”) program to
include RMBS and the Public-Private Investment Program’s (the “PPIP”) Legacy
Loans Program is not currently available to us at this time. As a
result, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether we will ultimately be
able to access government financing. We may also raise capital by
issuing unsecured debt or shares of preferred or common stock. Credit
Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and the underwriters in Capitol’s initial public
offering have certain rights to participate in future securities offerings by
us.
Under our
repurchase agreements, we are required to pledge additional assets as collateral
to our repurchase agreement counterparties (lenders) when the estimated fair
value of the existing pledged collateral under such agreements declines and such
lenders, through a margin call, demand additional collateral. Margin
calls result from a decline in the value of our assets collateralizing the
repurchase agreements, generally following the monthly principal reduction of
such investments due to scheduled amortization and prepayments on the underlying
mortgages, changes in market interest rates, a decline in market prices
affecting such investments and other market factors. To cover a
margin call, we may pledge additional securities or cash. At
maturity, any cash on deposit as collateral (i.e., restricted cash), if
any, would generally be applied against the repurchase agreement balance,
thereby reducing the amount borrowed. Should the value of our assets
suddenly decrease, significant margin calls on our repurchase agreements could
result, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position.
While we
generally intend to hold our target assets as long-term investments, certain of
our investment securities may be sold in order to manage our interest rate risk
and liquidity needs, meet other operating objectives and adapt to market
conditions. The timing and impact of future sales of investment
securities, if any, cannot be predicted with any certainty. Because
our investment securities are generally financed with repurchase agreements, and
may be financed with credit facilities (including term loans and revolving
facilities) and borrowings under programs established by the U.S. government, a
significant portion of the proceeds from sales of our investment securities (if
any), prepayments and scheduled amortization will be used to repay balances
under these financing sources.
Off-Balance
Sheet Financing Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or
liabilities which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not
participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated
entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest
entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating
off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual
Obligations
As of
September 30, 2009, we do not have any long-term debt, capital lease
obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities.
Subsequent
to the merger, a number of master repurchase agreements have been established
with counterparties and we expect additional master repurchase agreements will
be executed.
We have
entered into a management agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC, pursuant to which
PRCM Advisers LLC is entitled to receive a management fee and the reimbursement
of certain expenses from us. PRCM Advisers LLC uses the
proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to Pine River’s
officers and personnel who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our
officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. However, we
reimburse PRCM Advisers LLC for (i) our allocable share of the compensation
paid by PRCM Advisers LLC to its personnel serving as our principal financial
officer and general counsel and personnel employed by PRCM Advisers LLC as
in-house legal, tax, accounting, consulting, auditing, administrative,
information technology, valuation, computer programming and development and
back-office resources to us, and (ii) any amounts for personnel of PRCM
Advisers LLC’s affiliates arising under a shared facilities and services
agreement.
We expect
to enter into certain contracts that may contain a variety of indemnification
obligations, principally with brokers, underwriters and counterparties to
repurchase agreements. The maximum potential future payment amount we could be
required to pay under these indemnification obligations may be
unlimited.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Our
critical accounting policies as of September 30, 2009 are disclosed in Note 2 –
Basis of Presentation and
Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Financial
Statements.
The
following discussion addresses the accounting policies that we will apply based
on our expected initial operations subsequent to the merger. Our most
critical accounting policies will involve decisions and assessments that could
affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenues and
expenses. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon
which our financial statements will be based will be reasonable at the time made
and based upon information available to us at that time. Our critical
accounting policies and accounting estimates will be expanded over time as we
fully implement our strategy. Those material accounting policies and
estimates that we initially expect to be most critical to an investor’s
understanding of our financial results and condition and require complex
management judgment are discussed below.
Classification
of Investment Securities and Valuations of Financial Instruments
Our RMBS
investments are expected to initially consist primarily of Agency RMBS and
non-Agency RMBS that we will classify as either available-for-sale or
held-to-maturity. As such, we expect that our RMBS classified as
available-for-sale will be carried at their fair value, with changes in fair
value recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), a
component of stockholders’ equity, rather than through earnings. We
do not intend to hold any of our investment securities for trading purposes;
however, if our securities were classified as trading securities, there could be
substantially greater volatility in our earnings, as changes in the fair value
of securities classified as trading are recorded through earnings.
When the
estimated fair value of an available-for-sale or held-to-maturity security is
less than amortized cost, we will consider whether there is an
other-than-temporary impairment in the value of the
security. Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss (the
difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and
the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be
recognized in the statement of operations, while the balance of impairment
related to other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive
income. The determination of whether a security is
other-than-temporarily impaired will involve judgments and assumptions based on
subjective and objective factors. Consideration will be given to whether a
company (1) has the intent to sell the investment securities, (2) is more likely
than not to be required to sell the investment securities before recovery, or
(3) does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the investment
securities. Investments with unrealized losses will not be considered
other-than-temporarily impaired if we have the ability and intent to hold the
investments for a period of time, to maturity if necessary, sufficient for a
forecasted market price recovery up to or beyond the amortized cost basis of the
investments.
The
methods used by us to estimate fair value may produce a fair value calculation
that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair
values. Furthermore, while we anticipate that our valuation methods
will be appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of
different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain
financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the
reporting date. We will use inputs that are current as of the
measurement date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which
price transparency may be reduced.
Interest
Income Recognition
We expect
that interest income on our Agency RMBS and non-Agency RMBS will be accrued
based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal balance of such
securities. Premiums and discounts will be amortized or accreted into
interest income over the lives of the securities using the effective yield
method, as adjusted for actual prepayments.
We expect
that interest income on our securities rated below AAA, including unrated
securities, will be recognized in accordance with estimated cash
flows. Cash flows from a security are estimated applying assumptions
used to determine the fair value of such security and the excess of the future
cash flows over the investment are recognized as interest income under the
effective yield method. We will review and, if appropriate, make
adjustments to our cash flow projections at least quarterly and monitor these
projections based on input and analysis received from external sources, internal
models, and our judgment about interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and
amount of credit losses, and other factors. Changes in cash flows
from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation,
may result in a prospective change in interest income recognized on, or the
carrying value of, such securities.
For pools
of whole loans purchased at a discount, we will account for differences between
contractual cash flows and cash flows expected to be collected from an
investor’s initial investment in loans or debt securities (loans) acquired in a
transfer if those differences are attributable, at least in part, to credit
quality. We will limit the yield that may be accreted (accretable
yield) to the excess of an estimate of undiscounted expected principal,
interest, and other cash flows (cash flows expected at acquisition to be
collected) over the initial investment. The excess of contractual
cash flows over cash flows expected to be collected (nonaccretable difference)
will not be recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss accrual, or valuation
allowance. Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be
collected will be recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield over
the remaining life of the security. Decreases in cash flows expected
to be collected will be recognized as impairment.
Derivative
Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
We will
apply the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging,
which requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or
liabilities in the balance sheets and to measure those instruments at fair
value. Additionally, the fair value adjustments will affect either
other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity until the hedged item is
recognized in earnings or net income depending on whether the derivative
instrument qualifies as a hedge for accounting purposes and, if so, the nature
of the hedging activity.
In the
normal course of business, we may use a variety of derivative financial
instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. These derivative
financial instruments must be effective in reducing our interest rate risk
exposure in order to qualify for hedge accounting. When the terms of
an underlying transaction are modified, or when the underlying hedged item
ceases to exist, all changes in the fair value of the instrument are
marked-to-market with changes in value included in net income for each period
until the derivative instrument matures or is settled. Any derivative
instrument used for risk management that does not meet the hedging criteria is
marked-to-market with the changes in value included in net income.
Derivatives
will be used for hedging purposes rather than speculation. We will
rely on quotations from a third party to determine these fair
values. If our hedging activities do not achieve their desired
results, our reported earnings may be adversely affected.
Income
Taxes
Our
financial results are generally not expected to reflect provisions for current
or deferred income taxes. We plan to operate in a manner that will
allow us to qualify for taxation as a REIT. As a result of our
expected REIT qualification, we do not generally expect to pay U.S. federal
corporate level taxes. Many of the REIT requirements, however, are
highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet the REIT
requirements, we would be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income
taxes.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to
Note 2 — Basis of Presentation
and Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Financial
Statements.
Item
3. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
As of
September 30, 2009, our efforts were limited to organizational activities,
activities relating to our initial public offering and the search for a
candidate for a business combination, and activities relating to the merger
transaction with Two Harbors; we had neither engaged in any operations nor
generated any revenues.
Market
risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the
fair value of a financial instrument. These changes may be the result
of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity
prices and/or equity prices. As of September 30, 2009, the proceeds
held in trust are invested in the Merrill Lynch Treasury Fund (Symbol: MLTXX),
an institutional money market mutual fund that invests all its assets in direct
obligations of the U.S. Treasury. Thus, as of September 30, 2009, we
were subject to market risk primarily through the effect of changes in interest
rates on such fund and its underlying investments. At September 30,
2009, the effective annualized interest rate payable on our investment was
approximately 0.00%. As of September 30, 2009, we do not believe that
the effect of a decrease in interest rates or other changes, such as foreign
exchange rates, commodity prices and/or equity prices posed significant market
risk for us.
After the
closing of the merger transaction with Two Harbors, we seek to manage our risks
related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity,
prepayment speeds and market value while, at the same time, seeking to provide
an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns
through ownership of our capital stock. While we do not seek to avoid
risk completely, we believe that risk can be quantified from historical
experience and seeks to actively manage our risk levels in order to earn
sufficient compensation to justify the risks we undertake and to maintain
capital levels consistent with taking such risks.
To reduce
the risks to our portfolio, we employ portfolio-wide and security-specific risk
measurement and management processes in our daily operations. PRCM
Advisers LLC’s risk management tools include software and services licensed or
purchased from third parties, in addition to proprietary software and analytical
methods developed by Pine River. There can be no guarantee that these
tools will protect us from market risks.
Credit
Risk
We
believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our risk to credit
losses low to moderate. However, we retain the risk of potential credit losses
on all of the loans underlying the non-Agency RMBS we hold. We seek
to manage this risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence
process. In addition, with respect to any particular target asset,
PRCM Advisers LLC’s investment team evaluates relative valuation, supply and
demand trends, shape of yield curves, prepayment rates, delinquency and default
rates, recovery of various sectors and vintage of collateral.
Interest
Rate Risk
Interest
rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary
policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations,
as well as other factors beyond our control. We will be subject to
interest rate risk in connection with our assets and related financing
obligations. In general, we finance the acquisition of our target
assets through financings in the form of repurchase agreements, and may also use
credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities) and borrowings
under programs established by the U.S. government. Subject to
maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may engage in a variety of interest
rate management techniques that seek to mitigate the influence of interest rate
changes on the values of our assets.
We may
utilize interest-only securities as well as derivative financial instruments,
including puts and calls on securities or indices of securities, interest rate
swaps, interest rate caps, interest rate swaptions, exchange-traded derivatives,
U.S. Treasury securities and options on U.S. Treasury securities and
interest rate floors to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk
associated with our portfolio. We may seek to hedge interest rate
risk with respect to both the fixed income nature of our assets and to the
financing of our portfolio. In hedging interest rates with respect to
our fixed income assets, we will seek to reduce the risk of losses on the value
of our investments that may result from changes in interest rates in the broader
markets. In utilizing interest rate hedges with respect to our
financing, we will seek to improve risk-adjusted returns and, where possible, to
obtain a favorable spread between the yield on our assets and the cost of our
financing. We rely on PRCM Advisers LLC’s expertise to manage these
risks on our behalf. We may implement part of our hedging
strategy through Capitol or other domestic TRSs which will be subject to U.S.
federal, state and, if applicable, local income tax.
Interest
Rate Effect on Net Interest Income
Our
operating results depend in large part on differences between the income earned
on our assets and our cost of borrowing and hedging activities. The costs
associated with our borrowings are generally based on prevailing market interest
rates. During a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs
generally will increase (1) while the yields earned on our leveraged
fixed-rate RMBS will remain static and (2) at a faster pace than the yields
earned on our leveraged adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS, which could result in a
decline in our net interest spread and net interest margin. The severity of any
such decline would depend on our asset/liability composition at the time, as
well as the magnitude and duration of the interest rate
increase. Further, an increase in short-term interest rates could
also have a negative impact on the market value of our target
assets. If any of these events happen, we could experience a decrease
in net income or incur a net loss during these periods, which could adversely
affect our liquidity and results of operations.
Hedging
techniques are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our target
assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of
the investment will be longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness
of any hedging strategies we may use and may cause losses on such
transactions. Hedging strategies involving the use of derivative
securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns.
We
acquire adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS. These are assets in which
the underlying mortgages are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest
rate caps and floors, which limit the amount by which the security’s interest
yield may change during any given period. However, our borrowing
costs pursuant to our financing agreements are not subject to similar
restrictions. Therefore, in a period of increasing interest rates,
interest rate costs on our borrowings could increase without limitation by caps,
while the interest-rate yields on our adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS would
effectively be limited. This issue will be magnified to the extent we
acquire adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS that are not based on mortgages which
are fully indexed. In addition, adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS may
be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of the interest
being deferred and added to the principal outstanding. This could
result in our receipt of less cash income on such assets than we would need to
pay the interest cost on our related borrowings. These factors could
lower our net interest income or cause a net loss during periods of rising
interest rates, which would harm our financial condition, cash flows and results
of operations.
Interest
Rate Mismatch Risk
We may
fund a portion of our acquisition of adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS assets with
borrowings that are based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), while
the interest rates on these assets may be indexed to LIBOR or another index
rate, such as the one-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) index, the Monthly
Treasury Average (“MTA”) index or the 11th District Cost of Funds Index
(“COFI”). Accordingly, any increase in LIBOR relative to one-year CMT
rates, MTA or COFI will generally result in an increase in our borrowing costs
that is not matched by a corresponding increase in the interest earnings on
these assets. Any such interest rate index mismatch could adversely
affect our profitability, which may negatively impact distributions to our
stockholders. To mitigate interest rate mismatches, we may utilize
the hedging strategies discussed above.
Our
analysis of risks is based on PRCM Advisers LLC and its affiliates’ experience,
estimates, models and assumptions. These analyses rely on models
which utilize estimates of fair value and interest rate
sensitivity. Actual economic conditions or implementation of
decisions by PRCM Advisers LLC may produce results that differ significantly
from the estimates and assumptions used in our models.
Prepayment
Risk
Prepayment
risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at a different rate than
anticipated, causing the return on an asset to be less than
expected. As we receive prepayments of principal on our assets,
premiums paid on such assets will be amortized against interest
income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate
the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income
earned on the assets. Conversely, discounts on such assets are
accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment
rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing
the interest income earned on the assets.
Market
Risk
Market value
risk. Our available-for-sale securities are reflected at their
estimated fair value, with the difference between amortized cost and estimated
fair value reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. The
estimated fair value of these securities fluctuates primarily due to changes in
interest rates and other factors. Generally, in a rising interest
rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected
to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the
estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to
increase. As market volatility increases or liquidity decreases, the
fair value of our assets may be adversely impacted.
Real estate
risk. Residential RMBS and residential property values are
subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors,
including national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be
adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate
conditions (such as an oversupply of housing); changes or continued weakness in
specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic
factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In
addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and
the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay the underlying loans or
loans, as the case may be, which could also cause us to suffer
losses.
Item
4. Controls and
Procedures
Our
management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief
Financial Officer (the “CFO”), reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the
design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) of the Securities Exchange Act) as of the end of
the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that review and
evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that our current disclosure controls
and procedures, as designed and implemented, (1) were effective in ensuring that
information regarding the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to our
management, including our CEO and CFO, by our employees, as appropriate to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosure and (2) were effective in
providing reasonable assurance that information the Company must disclose in its
periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported within the time periods prescribed by the SEC’s rules
and forms. There have been no changes in our internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
control over financial reporting.
PART
II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item
1. Legal
Proceedings
As of the
date of this filing, we are not aware of any legal proceedings that have or will
be taken against us.
Item
1A. Risk
Factors
The
following is a summary of the risk factors that we believe are most relevant to
our business. These are factors which, individually or in the aggregate, we
think could cause our actual results to differ significantly from anticipated or
historical results. In addition to understanding the key risks
described below, investors should understand that it is not possible to predict
or identify all risk factors, and consequently, the following is not a complete
discussion of all potential risks or uncertainties.
Risks
Related to Two Harbors’ Business and Operations
The value
of your investment in Two Harbors is subject to the significant risks affecting
REITs, and mortgage REITs in particular, described below. If any of the events
described below occur, Two Harbors’ business, financial condition, liquidity
and/or results of operations could be adversely affected in a material way. This
could cause the price of its common stock or warrants to decline, perhaps
significantly, and you therefore may lose all or part of your
investment.
Risks
Related To Two Harbors’ Business
Two
Harbors operates in a highly competitive market and competition may limit its
ability to acquire desirable assets.
Two
Harbors operates in a highly competitive market. Two Harbors’ profitability
depends, in large part, on its ability to acquire its target assets at favorable
prices. In acquiring its target assets, Two Harbors will compete with a variety
of institutional investors, including other REITs, specialty finance companies,
public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance
and insurance companies and other financial institutions. Many of Two Harbors’
competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial,
technical, marketing and other resources than Two Harbors does. Furthermore,
competition for assets of the types and classes which Two Harbors will seek to
acquire may lead to the price of such assets increasing, which may further limit
its ability to generate desired returns. Also, as a result of this competition,
desirable assets may be limited in the future and Two Harbors may not be able to
take advantage of attractive opportunities from time to time, as Two Harbors can
provide no assurance that Two Harbors will be able to identify and make
acquisitions that are consistent with its objectives.
Two
Harbors has limited operating history and may not be able to successfully
operate its business or generate sufficient revenue to make or sustain
distributions to its stockholders.
Two
Harbors was incorporated in May 2009 and commenced operations upon completion of
the merger with Capitol on October 28, 2009. As of the date of this filing,
Two Harbors had not fully invested the approximately $124 million in cash
available to fund investments and operations that was released to Two Harbors
from Capitol’s Trust Account. Two Harbors cannot assure you that it
will be able to operate its business successfully or implement its policies and
strategies.
PRCM
Advisers LLC’s owner, Pine River, has limited experience with investing in RMBS,
which may hinder Two Harbors’ ability to achieve its investment objectives. In
addition, the RMBS investment strategy employed by Pine River on behalf of other
clients is different from the investment strategy that Two Harbors
employs.
PRCM
Advisers LLC draws upon the experience of Pine River’s Fixed Income investment
team in implementing Two Harbors’ investment and financing strategies. However,
Pine River has limited experience with investing in RMBS. Pine River’s Fixed
Income investment team first began managing RMBS investments for Pine River
investors on February 1, 2008. This limited experience may
hinder Two Harbors’ ability to achieve its investment objectives. In
addition, the investment strategy that Pine River has employed in connection
with other RMBS investments is different from the investment strategy that Two
Harbors employs in several important respects. In particular, Pine
River has typically traded actively in fixed-rate, adjustable and interest-only
RMBS, including collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) and
“to-be-announced” forward contracts (“TBAs”), and equity investments in REITs,
and actively hedged its trading positions. By contrast, Two Harbors
seeks to invest primarily in Agency and non-Agency RMBS with a buy-and-hold
emphasis, and does not currently anticipate actively trading its
assets. In addition, Two Harbors’ investment strategy may further
differ from that of Pine River’s funds, in that it may use greater leverage with
regard to its investments in Agency RMBS. Further, unlike the Pine
River funds, Two Harbors is constrained by limitations on its investment
strategies that are necessary in order to qualify as a REIT which is exempt from
registration under the 1940 Act. In this regard, Two Harbors may
place a greater emphasis than Pine River on owning whole pool Agency RMBS for
purposes of maintaining its 1940 Act exemption.
Two
Harbors may change any of its strategies, policies or procedures without
stockholder consent.
Two
Harbors may change any of its strategies, policies or procedures with respect to
acquisitions, asset allocation, growth, operations, indebtedness, financing
strategy and distributions at any time without the consent of its stockholders,
which could result in its making acquisitions that are different from, and
possibly riskier than, the types of acquisitions described in Two Harbors’
public filings. A change in its strategy may increase its exposure to
credit risk, interest rate risk, financing risk, default risk and real estate
market fluctuations. Furthermore, a change in its asset allocation
could result in its making acquisitions in asset categories different from those
described in Two Harbors’ public filings. These changes could
adversely affect its financial condition, results of operations, the market
price of its common stock or warrants and its ability to make distributions to
its stockholders.
Difficult
conditions in the mortgage and residential real estate markets may cause Two
Harbors to experience market losses related to its holdings, and Two Harbors
does not expect these conditions to improve in the near future.
Two
Harbors’ results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the
mortgage market, the residential real estate market, the financial markets and
the economy generally. Recently, concerns about the mortgage market and a
declining real estate market, as well as inflation, energy costs, geopolitical
issues and the availability and cost of credit, have contributed to increased
volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets going
forward. The mortgage market has been severely affected by changes in the
lending landscape and there is no assurance that these conditions have
stabilized or that they will not worsen. This has an impact on new demand for
homes, which will compress the home ownership rates and weigh heavily on future
home price performance. There is a strong correlation between home price growth
rates (or losses) and mortgage loan delinquencies. The further deterioration of
the market for RMBS may cause Two Harbors to experience losses related to its
assets and to sell assets at a loss. Declines in the market values of its
investments may adversely affect its results of operations and credit
availability, which may reduce earnings and, in turn, cash available for
distribution to its stockholders.
The
lack of liquidity of Two Harbors’ assets may adversely affect Two Harbors’
business, including its ability to value and sell its assets.
Two
Harbors may acquire assets or other instruments that are not liquid, including
securities and other instruments that are not publicly
traded. Moreover, turbulent market conditions could significantly and
negatively impact the liquidity of Two Harbors’ assets. It may be difficult or
impossible to obtain third-party pricing on the assets Two Harbors
purchases. Illiquid assets typically experience greater price
volatility, as a ready market may not exist for such assets, and such assets can
be more difficult to value. In addition, validating third-party
pricing for illiquid assets may be more subjective than more liquid
assets. Any illiquidity of Two Harbors’ assets may make it difficult
for Two Harbors to sell such assets if the need or desire arises. In addition,
if Two Harbors is required to liquidate all or a portion of its portfolio
quickly, Two Harbors may realize significantly less than the value at which Two
Harbors has previously recorded its assets. To the extent that Two
Harbors utilizes leverage to finance its purchase of assets that are or become
illiquid, the negative impact on Two Harbors related to trying to sell assets in
a short period of time for cash could be greatly exacerbated. As a
result, Two Harbors’ ability to vary its portfolio in response to changes in
economic and other conditions may be relatively limited, which could adversely
affect Two Harbors’ results of operations and financial condition.
Maintenance
of Two Harbors’ 1940 Act exemption imposes limits on Two Harbors’ operations,
which may adversely affect its business.
Two
Harbors intends to conduct its operations so as not to become required to
register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Section 3(a)(1)(A) of
the 1940 Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself
out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or
trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the 1940 Act defines an
investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the
business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and
owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40%
of the value of the issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. Government
securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Excluded from the term
“investment securities,” among other things, are U.S. Government securities and
securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves
investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of
investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or
Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act. Two Harbors is organized as a holding
company that conducts its businesses primarily through Two Harbors Operating
Company LLC (or “Subsidiary LLC”). Both Two Harbors and the Subsidiary LLC
intend to conduct their operations so that they do not come within the
definition of an investment company because less than 40% of the value of their
total assets on an unconsolidated basis will consist of “investment securities.”
Certain of Subsidiary LLC’s subsidiaries intend to rely upon the exemption from
registration as an investment company under the 1940 Act pursuant to
Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, which is available for entities
“primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring
mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exemption
generally means that at least 55% of each such subsidiaries’ portfolio must be
comprised of qualifying assets and at least 80% of its portfolio must be
comprised of qualifying assets and real estate-related assets under the 1940
Act. Qualifying assets for this purpose include mortgage loans and other assets,
such as whole pool Agency RMBS, which are considered the functional equivalent
of mortgage loans for the purposes of the 1940 Act. Two Harbors expects each of
its subsidiaries relying on Section 3(c)(5)(C) to invest at least 55% of
its assets in whole pool Agency RMBS and other interests in real estate that
constitute qualifying assets in accordance with SEC staff guidance and an
additional 25% of its assets in either qualifying assets or non-Agency RMBS and
other types of real estate related assets that do not constitute qualifying
assets. As a result of the foregoing restrictions, Two Harbors is limited in its
ability to make or dispose of certain investments. To the extent that the SEC
staff publishes new or different guidance with respect to these matters, Two
Harbors may be required to adjust its strategy accordingly. In addition, Two
Harbors may be limited in its ability to make certain investments and these
limitations could result in the subsidiary holding assets Two Harbors might wish
to sell or selling assets Two Harbors might wish to hold. Although Two Harbors
monitors the portfolios of its subsidiaries relying on the
Section 3(c)(5)(C) exemption periodically and prior to each acquisition or
disposition of assets, there can be no assurance that such subsidiaries will be
able to maintain this exemption.
Two
Harbors may in the future organize special purpose subsidiaries that will borrow
under the Federal Reserve System’s Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
(“TALF”). Two Harbors expects that these TALF subsidiaries will rely on
Section 3(c)(7) for their 1940 Act exemption and, therefore, its interest
in each of these TALF subsidiaries would constitute an “investment security” for
purposes of determining whether Two Harbors passes the 40% test. Two Harbors may
in the future organize one or more TALF subsidiaries, as well as other
subsidiaries, that seek to rely on the 1940 Act exemption provided to certain
structured financing vehicles by Rule 3a-7. To the extent that Two Harbors
organizes subsidiaries that rely on Rule 3a-7 for an exemption from the
1940 Act, these subsidiaries will also need to comply with the provisions of
this Rule which in certain circumstances may require, among other things,
that the indenture governing the notes issued by the subsidiary include
additional limitations on the types of assets the subsidiary may sell or acquire
out of the proceeds of assets that mature, are refinanced or otherwise sold, on
the period of time during which such transactions may occur, and on the amount
of transactions that may occur. In addition, any subsidiaries organized to rely
on Rule 3a-7 will also need to comply with guidance that may be issued by
the Division of Investment Management of the SEC on how such subsidiaries must
be organized to comply with the restrictions contained in Rule 3a-7. In
light of the requirements of Rule 3a-7, Two Harbors’ ability to manage
assets held in a special purpose subsidiary that complies with Rule 3a-7
will be limited and Two Harbors may not be able to purchase or sell assets owned
by that subsidiary when Two Harbors would otherwise desire to do so, which could
lead to losses. Two Harbors expects that the aggregate value of its interests in
TALF subsidiaries that seek to rely on Rule 3a-7, as well as other
subsidiaries that it may organize in the future that may rely on Rule 3a-7,
will comprise less than 20% of Two Harbors’ total assets on an unconsolidated
basis.
The
determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of Two Harbors
is made by Two Harbors. The 1940 Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a
person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which
are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned
subsidiary of such person. The 1940 Act further defines voting securities as any
security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the
election of directors of a company. Two Harbors treats companies in which it
owns at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned
subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. Two Harbors has not requested the SEC
staff to approve its treatment of any company as a majority-owned subsidiary and
the SEC staff has not done so. If the SEC or its staff were to disagree with Two
Harbors’ treatment of one or more companies as majority-owned subsidiaries, Two
Harbors would need to adjust its strategy and its assets in order to continue to
pass the 40% test. Any such adjustment in its strategy could have a material
adverse effect on Two Harbors.
Qualification
for exemption from registration under the 1940 Act limits Two Harbors’ ability
to make certain investments. For example, these restrictions limit the ability
of Two Harbors’ subsidiaries to invest directly in mortgage-backed securities
that represent less than the entire ownership in a pool of mortgage loans, debt
and equity tranches of securitizations and certain ABS and real estate companies
or in assets not related to real estate.
Loss
of Two Harbors’ 1940 Act exemption would adversely affect Two Harbors, the
market price of shares of its common stock or warrants and its ability to
distribute dividends, and could result in the termination of the management
agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC.
As
described above, Two Harbors intends to conduct its operations so as not to
become required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act based on
current laws, regulations and guidance. Although Two Harbors monitors its
portfolio periodically, there can be no assurance that Two Harbors will be able
to maintain its exclusion as an investment company under the 1940 Act. If Two
Harbors were to fail to qualify for an exclusion in the future, Two Harbors
could be required to restructure its activities or the activities of its
subsidiaries, including effecting sales of assets in a manner that, or at a time
when, Two Harbors would not otherwise choose, which could negatively affect the
value of its common stock or warrants, the sustainability of its business model,
and its ability to make distributions. The sale could occur during adverse
market conditions, and Two Harbors could be forced to accept a price below that
which it believes is appropriate. The loss of Two Harbors’ 1940 Act exclusion
would also permit PRCM Advisers LLC to terminate the management agreement, which
could result in a material adverse effect on Two Harbors’ business and results
of operations.
Rapid
changes in the values of Two Harbors’ target assets may make it more difficult
for Two Harbors to maintain its qualification as a REIT or its exemption from
the 1940 Act.
If the
market value or income potential of Two Harbors’ target assets declines as a
result of increased interest rates, prepayment rates, general market conditions,
government actions or other factors, Two Harbors may need to increase its real
estate assets and income or liquidate its non-qualifying assets to maintain its
REIT qualification or its exemption from the 1940 Act. If the decline in real
estate asset values or income occurs quickly, this may be especially difficult
to accomplish. This difficulty may be exacerbated by the illiquid nature of any
non-real estate assets Two Harbors may own. Two Harbors may have to make
decisions that it otherwise would not make absent the REIT and 1940 Act
considerations.
Two
Harbors uses leverage in executing its business strategy, which may adversely
affect the return on its assets and may reduce cash available for distribution
to its stockholders, as well as increase losses when economic conditions are
unfavorable.
Two
Harbors uses leverage to finance its investment operations and to enhance its
financial returns. Two Harbors’ primary source of leverage is repurchase
agreement financing for its Agency RMBS assets. Other sources of leverage may
include credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), and
potentially funding under programs established by the U.S. government, including
TALF financing if TALF is extended to cover RMBS assets.
Through
the use of leverage, Two Harbors may acquire positions with market exposure
significantly greater than the amount of capital committed to the transaction.
For example, by entering into repurchase agreements with advance rates, or
haircut levels, of 5% (which is not an atypical haircut for Agency RMBS), Two
Harbors could leverage its capital allocated to Agency RMBS by a ratio of as
much as 20 to one. It is not uncommon for investors in Agency RMBS to obtain
leverage equal to ten or more times equity through the use of repurchase
agreement financing. Two Harbors may deploy, on a debt-to-equity basis, up to
seven to ten times leverage on Two Harbors’ Agency RMBS assets. However, there
is no specific limit on the amount of leverage Two Harbors may use.
Leverage
will magnify both the gains and the losses of Two Harbors’ trading positions.
Leverage will increase Two Harbors’ returns as long as Two Harbors earns a
greater return on investments purchased with borrowed funds than Two Harbors’
cost of borrowing such funds. However, if Two Harbors uses leverage to acquire
an asset and the value of the asset decreases, the leverage will increase Two
Harbors’ losses. Even if the asset increases in value, if the asset fails to
earn a return that equals or exceeds Two Harbors’ cost of borrowing, the
leverage will decrease Two Harbors’ returns.
Two
Harbors may be required to post large amounts of cash as collateral or margin to
secure its leveraged positions. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in
value of Two Harbors’ assets, Two Harbors might not be able to liquidate assets
quickly enough to repay its borrowings, further magnifying its losses. Even a
small decrease in the value of a leveraged asset may require Two Harbors to post
additional margin or cash collateral. This may decrease the cash available to
Two Harbors for distributions to stockholders.
Two
Harbors may depend on repurchase agreements and bank credit facilities to
execute its business plan and Two Harbors’ inability to access funding through
these sources could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations,
financial condition and business.
Two
Harbors’ ability to fund its acquisitions may be impacted by its ability to
secure repurchase agreements and bank credit facilities (including term loans
and revolving facilities) on acceptable terms. Two Harbors currently has master
repurchase agreements in place with several counterparties and expects
additional master repurchase agreements will be executed, but can provide no
assurance that lenders will be willing or able to provide Two Harbors with
sufficient financing. In addition, because repurchase agreements are short-term
commitments of capital, lenders may respond to market conditions making it more
difficult for Two Harbors to secure continued financing. During certain periods
of the credit cycle, lenders may lose their ability or curtail their willingness
to provide financing. If Two Harbors is not able to renew its then existing
facilities or arrange for new financing on terms acceptable to it, or if Two
Harbors defaults on its covenants or are otherwise unable to access funds under
any of these facilities, Two Harbors may have to curtail its asset acquisition
activities and/or dispose of assets.
It is
possible that the lenders that provide Two Harbors with financing could
experience changes in their ability to advance funds to Two Harbors, independent
of Two Harbors’ performance or the performance of its portfolio of assets. If
major market participants exit the business, it could further adversely affect
the marketability of all fixed income securities, and this could negatively
impact the value of Two Harbors’ assets, thus reducing Two Harbors’ net book
value. Furthermore, if many of Two Harbors’ lenders are unwilling or unable to
provide Two Harbors with financing, Two Harbors could be forced to sell its
assets at an inopportune time when prices are depressed. In addition, if the
regulatory capital requirements imposed on Two Harbors’ lenders change, they may
be required to significantly increase the cost of the financing that they
provide to Two Harbors. Two Harbors’ lenders also may revise their eligibility
requirements for the types of assets they are willing to finance or the terms of
such financings, based on, among other factors, the regulatory environment and
their management of perceived risk, particularly with respect to assignee
liability. Moreover, the amount of financing Two Harbors receives under its
repurchase agreements will be directly related to the lenders’ valuation of the
assets that secure the outstanding borrowings. Typically, repurchase agreements
grant the respective lender the absolute right to reevaluate the market value of
the assets that secure outstanding borrowings at any time. If a lender
determines in its sole discretion that the value of the assets has decreased, it
has the right to initiate a margin call. A margin call would require Two Harbors
to transfer additional assets to such lender without any advance of funds from
the lender for such transfer or to repay a portion of the outstanding
borrowings. Any such margin call could have a material adverse effect on Two
Harbors’ results of operations, financial condition, business, liquidity and
ability to make distributions to its stockholders, and could cause the value of
Two Harbors’ common stock or warrants to decline. Two Harbors may be forced to
sell assets at significantly depressed prices to meet such margin calls and to
maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause Two Harbors to incur losses.
Moreover, to the extent Two Harbors is forced to sell assets at such time, given
market conditions, Two Harbors may be selling at the same time as others facing
similar pressures, which could exacerbate a difficult market environment and
which could result in Two Harbors’ incurring significantly greater losses on its
sale of such assets. In an extreme case of market duress, a market may not exist
for certain of Two Harbors’ assets at any price.
The
current dislocations in the residential mortgage sector have caused many lenders
to tighten their lending standards, reduce their lending capacity or exit the
market altogether. For example, in the repurchase agreement market, non-Agency
RMBS have been significantly more difficult to finance than Agency RMBS. In
connection with repurchase agreements, financing rates and haircut levels have
also increased. Repurchase agreement counterparties have taken these steps in
order to compensate themselves for a perceived increased risk due to the
illiquidity of the underlying collateral. Further contraction among lenders,
insolvency of lenders or other general market disruptions could adversely affect
one or more of Two Harbors’ lenders and could cause one or more of its lenders
to be unwilling or unable to provide Two Harbors with financing on attractive
terms or at all.
If
a counterparty to Two Harbors’ repurchase transactions defaults on its
obligation to resell the underlying security back to Two Harbors at the end of
the transaction term, or if the value of the underlying security has declined as
of the end of that term, or if Two Harbors defaults on its obligations under the
repurchase agreement, Two Harbors will lose money on its repurchase
transactions.
When Two
Harbors engages in repurchase transactions, it generally sells securities to
lenders (i.e.,
repurchase agreement counterparties) and receive cash from the lenders. The
lenders are obligated to resell the same securities back to Two Harbors at the
end of the term of the transaction. Because the cash Two Harbors receives from
the lender when Two Harbors initially sells the securities to the lender is less
than the value of those securities (the difference being the “haircut”), if the
lender defaults on its obligation to resell the same securities back to Two
Harbors, Two Harbors would incur a loss on the transaction equal to the amount
of the haircut (assuming there was no change in the value of the securities).
Two Harbors would also lose money on a repurchase transaction if the value of
the underlying securities has declined as of the end of the transaction term, as
Two Harbors would have to repurchase the securities for their initial value but
would receive securities worth less than that amount. Further, if Two Harbors
defaults on one of its obligations under a repurchase transaction, the lender
will be able to terminate the transaction and cease entering into any other
repurchase transactions with Two Harbors. Two Harbors expects that Two Harbors’
repurchase agreements may contain cross-default provisions, so that if a default
occurs under any one agreement, the lender could also declare a default with
respect to all other agreements between such lender and Two Harbors. If a
default occurs under any of its repurchase agreements and the lender terminates
one or more of its repurchase agreements, Two Harbors may need to enter into
replacement repurchase agreements with different lenders. There can be no
assurance that Two Harbors will be successful in entering into such replacement
repurchase agreements on the same terms as the repurchase agreements that were
terminated or at all. Any losses Two Harbors incurs on its repurchase
transactions could adversely affect its earnings and thus its cash available for
distribution to its stockholders.
An
increase in Two Harbors’ borrowing costs relative to the interest Two Harbors
receives on its leveraged assets may adversely affect its profitability and its
cash available for distribution to its stockholders.
As Two
Harbors’ repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings mature, Two
Harbors will be required either to enter into new borrowings or to sell certain
of its assets. An increase in short-term interest rates at the time that Two
Harbors seeks to enter into new borrowings would reduce the spread between the
returns on its assets and the cost of its borrowings. This would adversely
affect the returns on Two Harbors’ assets, which might reduce earnings and, in
turn, cash available for distribution to its stockholders.
There
can be no assurance that the actions of the U.S. government, Federal Reserve,
U.S. Treasury and other governmental and regulatory bodies for the purpose of
stabilizing the financial markets, including the establishment of the TALF and
the PPIP, or market response to those actions, will achieve the intended effect,
and Two Harbors’ business may not benefit from these actions and further
government or market developments could adversely impact Two
Harbors.
In
response to the financial issues affecting the banking system and the financial
markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial
institutions, the U.S. government, Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury and other
governmental and regulatory bodies have taken action to stabilize the financial
markets. Significant measures include: the enactment of the Emergency Economic
Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”) to, among other things, establish the
Troubled Asset Relief Program (the “TARP”) to purchase certain assets from
financial institutions; the enactment of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act
of 2008 (“HERA”), which established a new regulator for the Federal National
Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (“Freddie Mac”); and the establishment of the TALF, which provides
non-recourse loans to borrowers to fund their purchase of eligible assets, which
currently include certain asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and commercial
mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and the Public-Private Investment Program
(the “PPIP”), which is designed to encourage the transfer of certain legacy
assets, including real estate-related assets, off of the balance sheets of
financial institutions.
Although
the federal government has committed capital to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,
there can be no assurance that these actions will be adequate for their needs.
If these actions are inadequate, these entities could continue to suffer losses
and could fail to honor their guarantees and other obligations. If these
entities fail to honor their guarantees, the value of any Agency RMBS assets Two
Harbors holds would decline which would materially adversely affect our
business, operations and financial condition.
There can
be no assurance that the EESA, HERA, TALF, PPIP or other recent U.S. government
actions will have a beneficial impact on the financial markets, including on
current high levels of volatility. To the extent the market does not respond
favorably to these initiatives or these initiatives do not function as intended,
Two Harbors’ business may not receive the anticipated positive impact from the
legislation or other U.S. government actions. There can also be no assurance
that Two Harbors will be eligible to participate in programs established by the
U.S. government or, if Two Harbors is eligible, that Two Harbors will be able to
utilize them successfully or at all. In addition, because the programs are
designed, in part, to restart the market for certain of Two Harbors’ target
assets, the establishment of these programs may result in increased competition
for attractive opportunities in Two Harbors’ target assets. In addition, the
U.S. government, the Federal Reserve, the U.S. Treasury and other governmental
and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking other actions to
address the financial crisis. Two Harbors cannot predict whether or when such
actions may occur, and such actions could have an adverse impact on Two Harbors’
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Two
Harbors is highly dependent on information systems and systems failures could
significantly disrupt its business, which may, in turn, negatively affect the
market price of its common stock or warrants and its ability to pay
dividends.
Two
Harbors’ business is highly dependent on communications and information systems
of PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River. Any failure or interruption of the systems
of PRCM Advisers LLC or Pine River could cause delays or other problems in Two
Harbors’ securities trading activities, which could have a material adverse
effect on Two Harbors’ operating results and negatively affect the market price
of its common stock or warrants and its ability to pay dividends to its
stockholders.
Two
Harbors may enter into hedging transactions that could expose it to contingent
liabilities in the future.
Subject
to maintaining its qualification as a REIT, there is no limitation upon the
hedging transactions that Two Harbors may undertake in connection with its
investment strategies. Part of Two Harbors’ strategy may involve entering
into hedging transactions that could require it to fund cash payments in certain
circumstances (e.g.,
the early termination of the hedging instrument caused by an event of default or
other early termination event, or the decision by a counterparty to request
margin securities it is contractually owed under the terms of the hedging
instrument). The amount due would be equal to the unrealized loss of the open
hedge positions with the respective counterparty and could also include other
fees and charges. These economic losses will be reflected in Two Harbors’
results of operations, and Two Harbors’ ability to fund these obligations will
depend on the liquidity of its assets and access to capital at the time, and the
need to fund these obligations could adversely impact Two Harbors’ financial
condition.
Hedging
against interest rate exposure may adversely affect Two Harbors’ earnings, which
could reduce its cash available for distribution to its
stockholders.
Subject
to maintaining its qualification as a REIT, Two Harbors may pursue various
hedging strategies to seek to reduce its exposure to adverse changes in interest
rates. Two Harbors’ hedging activity varies in scope based on the level and
volatility of interest rates, the type of assets held and other changing market
conditions. Interest rate hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect
Two Harbors because, among other things:
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interest rate hedging can be
expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest
rates;
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available interest rate hedges
may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which
protection is sought;
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the duration of the hedge may not
match the duration of the related
liability;
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the amount of income that a REIT
may earn from certain hedging transactions (other than through taxable
REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”)), to offset interest rate losses is limited by
U.S. federal income tax provisions governing
REITs;
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the credit quality of the hedging
counterparty owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent
that it impairs Two Harbors’ ability to sell or assign its side of the
hedging transaction; and
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the hedging counterparty owing
money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to
pay.
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Two
Harbors’ hedging transactions, which are intended to limit losses, may actually
adversely affect Two Harbors’ earnings, which could reduce its cash available
for distribution to its stockholders.
In
addition, hedging instruments involve risk because they often are not traded on
regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or
regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities. Consequently, there
may be no requirements with respect to record keeping, financial responsibility
or segregation of customer funds and positions. Furthermore, the enforceability
of agreements underlying hedging transactions may depend on compliance with
applicable statutory and commodity and other regulatory requirements and,
depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international
requirements. The business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom Two
Harbors enters into a hedging transaction will most likely result in its
default. Default by a party with whom Two Harbors enters into a hedging
transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force Two Harbors
to cover its commitments, if any, at the then current market price. Although
generally Two Harbors seeks to reserve the right to terminate its hedging
positions, it may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging
position without the consent of the hedging counterparty and Two Harbors may not
be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover its risk. Two
Harbors cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging
instruments purchased or sold, and Two Harbors may be required to maintain a
position until exercise or expiration, which could result in
losses.
Two
Harbors may fail to qualify for hedge accounting treatment and therefore may
suffer losses on the derivatives that it enters into.
Two
Harbors intends to record derivative and hedging transactions in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 133”). Under these
standards, Two Harbors may fail to qualify for hedge accounting treatment for a
number of reasons, including if Two Harbors uses instruments that do not meet
the SFAS 133 definition of a derivative (such as short sales), Two Harbors fails
to satisfy SFAS 133 hedge documentation and hedge effectiveness assessment
requirements or its instruments are not highly effective. If Two Harbors elects
to not qualify or fails to qualify for hedge accounting treatment, its operating
results may suffer because losses on the derivatives that Two Harbors enters
into may not be offset by a change in the fair value of the related hedged
transaction.
Declines
in the market values of Two Harbors’ assets may adversely affect periodic
reported results and credit availability, which may reduce earnings and, in
turn, cash available for distribution to Two Harbors’ stockholders.
A
substantial portion of Two Harbors’ assets will be classified for accounting
purposes as “available-for-sale.” Changes in the market values of those assets
will be directly charged or credited to stockholders’ equity. As a result, a
decline in values may reduce the book value of Two Harbors. Moreover, if the
decline in value of an available-for-sale security is other than temporary, such
decline will reduce earnings.
A decline
in the market value of its assets may adversely affect Two Harbors, particularly
in instances where Two Harbors has borrowed money based on the market value of
those assets. If the market value of those assets declines, the lender may
require Two Harbors to post additional collateral to support the loan. If Two
Harbors is unable to post the additional collateral, Two Harbors would have to
sell the assets at a time when Two Harbors might not otherwise choose to do so.
A reduction in credit available may reduce Two Harbors’ earnings and, in turn,
cash available for distribution to stockholders.
Changes
in accounting treatment may adversely affect Two Harbors’ reported
profitability.
In
February 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued final
guidance regarding the accounting and financial statement presentation for
transactions that involve the acquisition of RMBS, residential mortgage loans
and other financial assets from a counterparty and the subsequent financing of
these securities through repurchase agreements with the same counterparty. If
Two Harbors does not meet the criteria under the final guidance to account for
the transactions on a gross basis, its accounting treatment would not affect the
economics of these transactions, but would affect how these transactions are
reported on Two Harbors’ financial statements. If Two Harbors is not able to
comply with the criteria under this final guidance for same party transactions,
Two Harbors would be precluded from presenting RMBS, residential mortgage loans
and other financial assets and the related financings, as well as the related
interest income and interest expense, on a gross basis on its financial
statements. Instead, Two Harbors would be required to account for the purchase
commitment and related repurchase agreement on a net basis and record a forward
commitment to purchase RMBS, residential mortgage loans and other financial
assets as a derivative instrument. Such forward commitments would be recorded at
fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
Additionally, Two Harbors would record the cash portion of its interest in RMBS,
residential mortgage loans and other financial assets as a mortgage-related
receivable from the counterparty on its balance sheet. Although Two Harbors
would not expect this change in presentation to have a material impact on its
net income, it could have an adverse impact on Two Harbors’ operations. It could
have an impact on Two Harbors’ ability to include certain RMBS, residential
mortgage loans and other financial assets purchased and simultaneously financed
from the same counterparty as qualifying real estate interests or real
estate-related assets used to qualify under the exemption to not have to
register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. It could also limit Two
Harbors’ opportunities as Two Harbors may need to limit its purchases of RMBS,
residential mortgage loans and other financial assets that are simultaneously
financed with the same counterparty.
Risks
Related to Two Harbors’ Management and Two Harbors’ Relationship with PRCM
Advisers LLC and Pine River
Two
Harbors is dependent on PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River and may not find a
suitable replacement if Two Harbors or PRCM Advisers LLC terminates the
management agreement.
Two
Harbors has executive officers provided by PRCM Advisers LLC but no other
employees. Two Harbors has no separate facilities and is completely reliant on
PRCM Advisers LLC, which has significant discretion as to the implementation and
execution of Two Harbors’ business strategies and risk management practices.
Investors who are not willing to rely on PRCM Advisers LLC should not invest in
Two Harbors’ common stock or warrants. The employees, systems and facilities of
PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River may be utilized by other funds and companies
advised by Pine River and by its affiliates, and PRCM Advisers LLC may not have
sufficient access to such employees, systems and facilities in order to comply
with its obligations under the management agreement. Two Harbors is subject to
the risk that PRCM Advisers LLC will terminate the management agreement and that
no suitable replacement will be found. Two Harbors believes that its success
depends to a significant extent upon the experience of the employees of Pine
River, whose continued service is not guaranteed.
There
are conflicts of interest in Two Harbors’ relationship with Pine River and its
affiliates, including PRCM Advisers LLC, which could result in decisions that
are not in the best interests of Two Harbors’ stockholders or
warrantholders.
Two
Harbors is subject to conflicts of interest arising out of its relationship with
Pine River and its affiliates, including PRCM Advisers LLC. Each of Two Harbors’
executive officers and certain of its non-independent directors is also an
employee or partner of Pine River; they will not be exclusively dedicated to Two
Harbors’ business. Furthermore, PRCM Advisers LLC is wholly-owned by Pine River.
Each of Brian Taylor (the Chairman of Two Harbors’ Board of Directors), Thomas
Siering (a Director, and the Chief Executive Officer and President of Two
Harbors), Steven Kuhn (the Co-Chief Investment Officer of Two Harbors) and Jeff
Stolt (the Chief Financial Officer of Two Harbors) is a partner and owner of
equity interests in Pine River. In addition, Mark Ein (the non-executive Vice
Chairman) owns an interest in CLA Founders LLC, which, in consideration for
services to be provided to PRCM Advisers LLC under a sub-management agreement,
is entitled to receive a percentage of the management fee earned by PRCM
Advisers LLC, and an affiliate of his is an investor in a private fund for which
Pine River serves as investment manager. As a result, the management agreement
with PRCM Advisers LLC was negotiated between related parties, and its terms,
including fees payable to PRCM Advisers LLC, may not be as favorable to Two
Harbors as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. In
addition, Two Harbors may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously,
its rights under the management agreement because of its desire to maintain its
ongoing relationship with PRCM Advisers LLC.
The
management agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC does not prevent PRCM Advisers LLC
and its affiliates from engaging in additional management or investment
opportunities some of which may compete with Two Harbors. Pine River and its
affiliates, including PRCM Advisers LLC, may engage in additional management or
investment opportunities that have overlapping objectives with Two Harbors, and
may thus face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities to these
other investments. Such allocation is at the discretion of PRCM Advisers LLC and
Pine River and there is no guarantee that this allocation would be made in the
best interest of Two Harbors’ stockholders or warrantholders. Additionally, the
ability of PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River and their respective officers and
employees to engage in other business activities may reduce the time PRCM
Advisers LLC spends managing Two Harbors.
In the
future, Two Harbors may enter into additional transactions with Pine River or
its affiliates. In particular, Two Harbors may purchase assets from Pine River
or its affiliates or make co-purchases alongside Pine River or its affiliates.
These transactions may not be the result of arm’s length negotiations and may
involve conflicts between Two Harbors’ interests and the interests of Pine River
and/or its affiliates in obtaining favorable terms and conditions. The
management agreement provides that at least one of Two Harbors’ independent
directors must approve in advance any investment in any security structured or
issued by an entity managed by PRCM Advisers LLC or any of its affiliates. There
can be no assurance that any procedural protections will be sufficient to assure
that these transactions will be made on terms that will be at least as favorable
to Two Harbors as those that would have been obtained in an arm’s length
transaction.
Two
Harbors will compete with current and future investment entities affiliated with
PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River for access to the benefits that Two Harbors’
relationship with Pine River provides to Two Harbors, including access to
investment opportunities.
There are
conflicts of interest in allocating investment opportunities to Two Harbors and
other funds, investment vehicles and ventures managed by Pine River. For
example, Pine River currently serves as the investment manager for a private
fund formed to invest and trade in Agency, non-Agency and other fixed-rate,
adjustable and interest only RMBS, including CMO and TBAs, equity investments in
REITs and related strategies. There is a significant overlap in the assets and
investment strategies of Two Harbors and Pine River’s private fund, and many of
the same trading and investment personnel provide services to both entities.
Further, Pine River and its affiliates may in the future form additional funds
or sponsor additional investment vehicles and ventures that have overlapping
objectives with Two Harbors and therefore may compete with Two Harbors for
investment opportunities.
Two
Harbors cannot assure you that Pine River affiliates will not establish or
manage other investment entities in the future that compete with Two Harbors for
investments. Moreover, Pine River cannot assure you that PRCM Advisers LLC
will allocate the most attractive investment opportunities to Two Harbors.
Two Harbors will be competing with Pine River, its investment funds and vehicles
and any other investment entities that Pine River may form or manage in the
future for access to the benefits that Two Harbors’ relationship with Pine River
provides to Two Harbors, including access to investment
opportunities.
Members
of Two Harbors’ management team have competing duties to other entities, which
could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of Two Harbors’
stockholders or warrantholders.
Two
Harbors’ executive officers and the employees of PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine
River do not spend all of their time managing Two Harbors’ activities and Two
Harbors’ investment portfolio. Two Harbors’ executive officers and the employees
of PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River allocate some, or a material portion, of
their time to other businesses and activities. For example, each of Two Harbors’
executive officers is also an employee or partner of Pine River. None of these
individuals is required to devote a specific amount of time to Two Harbors’
affairs. Accordingly, Two Harbors competes with Pine River, its existing funds,
investment vehicles, other ventures and possibly other entities in the future
for the time and attention of these officers.
The
loss of Two Harbors’ access to Pine River’s investment professionals and
principals may adversely affect Two Harbors’ ability to achieve its investment
objectives.
Two
Harbors depends on PRCM Advisers LLC’s access, through a shared facilities and
services agreement, to the investment professionals and principals of Pine River
and the information and origination opportunities generated by Pine River’s
investment professionals and principals during the normal course of their
investment and portfolio management activities. These investment professionals
and principals evaluate, negotiate, structures, close and monitor Two Harbors’
investments and its financing activities and Two Harbors’ future success will
depend on their continued service. The departure of a significant number of the
investment professionals or principals of Pine River could have a material
adverse effect on Two Harbors’ ability to achieve its investment objectives. In
addition, Two Harbors cannot assure you that PRCM Advisers LLC will remain Two
Harbors’ manager or that Two Harbors will continue to have access to Pine
River’s investment professionals or principals or its information and asset
origination opportunities.
If
PRCM Advisers LLC ceases to be the investment manager of Two Harbors, financial
institutions providing any financing arrangements to Two Harbors may not provide
future financing to Two Harbors.
Financial
institutions that Two Harbors seeks to finance its investments may require that
PRCM Advisers LLC continue to act in such capacity. If PRCM Advisers LLC ceases
to be Two Harbors’ manager, it may constitute an event of default and the
financial institution providing the arrangement may have acceleration rights
with respect to outstanding borrowings and termination rights with respect to
Two Harbors’ ability to finance its future investments with that institution. If
Two Harbors is unable to obtain financing for its accelerated borrowings and for
its future investments under such circumstances, it is likely that Two Harbors
would be materially and adversely affected.
PRCM
Advisers LLC is recently formed and has no prior experience in managing a REIT,
which may hinder its ability to achieve Two Harbors’ investment objectives or
result in loss of Two Harbors’ qualification as a REIT.
The REIT
rules and regulations are highly technical and complex, and the failure to
comply with these rules and regulations could prevent Two Harbors from
qualifying as a REIT or could force Two Harbors to pay unexpected taxes and
penalties. PRCM Advisers LLC is recently formed with no prior experience in
managing a portfolio of assets under these complex rules and regulations. PRCM
Advisers LLC’s and Pine River’s officers and employees have no prior experience
operating a REIT and operating a business in compliance with the numerous
technical restrictions and limitations set forth in the Code or the 1940 Act
applicable to REITs. The inexperience of PRCM Advisers LLC described above may
hinder Two Harbors’ ability to achieve its investment objectives or result in
loss of Two Harbors’ qualification as a REIT.
Two
Harbors’ board of directors has approved very broad investment guidelines for
Two Harbors and will not review or approve each investment decision made by PRCM
Advisers LLC. As a result, PRCM Advisers LLC may make investment and other
decisions for Two Harbors that result in lower than expected returns or losses,
or that otherwise may not fully reflect the best interests of its stockholders
or warrantholders.
PRCM
Advisers LLC is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines. Two
Harbors’ board of directors periodically reviews its investment guidelines and
its investment portfolio but will not, and is not required to, review or approve
all of its proposed investments or any type or category of investment, except
that the management agreement requires that investments in securities structured
or issued by an entity managed by PRCM Advisers LLC must be approved by at least
one of Two Harbors’ independent directors. In addition, in conducting periodic
reviews, Two Harbors’ board of directors may rely primarily on information
provided to it by PRCM Advisers LLC. Furthermore, PRCM Advisers LLC may use
complex strategies, and transactions entered into by PRCM Advisers LLC may be
costly, difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by Two
Harbors’ board of directors. PRCM Advisers LLC has great latitude within the
broad parameters of its investment guidelines in determining the types of assets
it may decide are proper investments for Two Harbors, which could result in
investment returns that are substantially below expectations or that result in
losses, which would materially and adversely affect Two Harbors’ business
operations and results. Further, decisions made and investments entered into by
PRCM Advisers LLC may not fully reflect the best interests of Two Harbors’
stockholders or warrantholders.
The
manner of determining the management fee may not provide sufficient incentive to
PRCM Advisers LLC to maximize risk-adjusted returns on Two Harbors’ investment
portfolio because it is based on Two Harbors’ stockholders’ equity and not on
Two Harbors’ performance.
PRCM
Advisers LLC is entitled to receive a management fee that is based on the amount
of Two Harbors’ stockholders’ equity (as defined in the management agreement) at
the end of each quarter, regardless of Two Harbors’ performance. Accordingly,
the possibility exists that significant management fees could be payable to PRCM
Advisers LLC for a given quarter despite the fact that Two Harbors could
experience a net loss during that quarter. PRCM Advisers LLC’s entitlement to
such significant nonperformance-based compensation may not provide sufficient
incentive to PRCM Advisers LLC to devote its time and effort to source and
maximize risk-adjusted returns on Two Harbors’ investment portfolio, which
could, in turn, adversely affect Two Harbors’ ability to pay dividends to its
stockholders and the market price of its common stock or warrants. Further, the
management fee structure gives PRCM Advisers LLC the incentive to maximize
stockholders’ equity by the issuance of new Two Harbors shares of common stock
or the retention of existing equity, regardless of the effect of these actions
on existing stockholders. In other words, the management fee structure rewards
PRCM Advisers LLC primarily based on the size of Two Harbors, and not on its
financial returns to stockholders.
The
termination of the management agreement may be difficult and costly, which may
adversely affect Two Harbors’ inclination to end its relationship with PRCM
Advisers LLC.
Termination
of the management agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC without cause is difficult
and costly. The term “cause” is limited to certain specifically described
circumstances. The management agreement provides that, in the absence of
cause, it may only be terminated by Two Harbors after October 28, 2012,
upon the vote of the vote of at least two-thirds of all of Two Harbors’
independent directors or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of Two Harbors’ common stock, based upon: (i) PRCM
Advisers LLC’s unsatisfactory performance that is materially detrimental to Two
Harbors, or (ii) a determination that the management fees payable to PRCM
Advisers LLC are not fair, subject to PRCM Advisers LLC’s right to prevent
termination based on unfair fees by accepting a reduction of management fees
agreed to by at least two-thirds of all of Two Harbors’ independent directors.
PRCM Advisers LLC will be provided 180 days’ prior notice of any such
termination. Additionally, upon a termination by Two Harbors’ without cause (or
upon a termination by PRCM Advisers LLC due to Two Harbors’ material breach),
the management agreement provides that Two Harbors will pay PRCM Advisers LLC a
termination payment equal to three times the sum of the annual management fee
received by PRCM Advisers LLC during the 24-month period before such
termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal
quarter. This provision increases the effective cost to Two Harbors of electing
not to renew, or defaulting in Two Harbors’ obligations under, the management
agreement, thereby adversely affecting Two Harbors’ inclination to end Two
Harbors’ relationship with PRCM Advisers LLC, even if Two Harbors believes PRCM
Advisers LLC’s performance is not satisfactory.
PRCM
Advisers LLC is only contractually committed to serve Two Harbors until
October 28, 2012. Thereafter, the management agreement is renewable on an
annual basis; provided,
however, that PRCM
Advisers LLC may terminate the management agreement annually upon 180 days’
prior notice. If the management agreement is terminated and no suitable
replacement is found to manage Two Harbors, Two Harbors may not be able to
execute its business plan.
PRCM
Advisers LLC’s and Pine River’s liability is limited under the management
agreement, and Two Harbors has agreed to indemnify PRCM Advisers LLC and its
affiliates and advisers, including Pine River, against certain
liabilities. As a result, Two Harbors could experience poor performance or
losses for which PRCM Advisers LLC and Pine River would not be
liable.
Pursuant
to the management agreement, PRCM Advisers LLC does not assume any
responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder and will
not be responsible for any action of Two Harbors’ board of directors in
following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. PRCM Advisers
LLC and its officers, stockholders, members, managers, personnel and directors,
any person controlling or controlled by PRCM Advisers LLC and any person
providing sub-advisory services to PRCM Advisers LLC will not be liable to Two
Harbors, any subsidiary of Two Harbors, Two Harbors’ directors, stockholders or
partners or any subsidiary’s stockholders, members or partners for acts or
omissions performed in accordance with or pursuant to the management agreement,
except by reason of acts constituting reckless disregard of PRCM Advisers LLC’s
duties under the management agreement which has a material adverse effect on Two
Harbors, willful misconduct or gross negligence, as determined by a final
non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. Two Harbors has
agreed to indemnify PRCM Advisers LLC and its affiliates and sub-advisers,
including Pine River, with respect to all expenses, losses, damages,
liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts or omissions of such
indemnified parties not constituting reckless disregard of PRCM Advisers LLC’s
duties under the management agreement which has a material adverse effect on Two
Harbors, willful misconduct or gross negligence. As a result, Two Harbors could
experience poor performance or losses for which PRCM Advisers LLC would not be
liable.
Risks
Related To Two Harbors’ Assets
Two
Harbors may not realize gains or income from its assets.
Two
Harbors seeks to generate both current income and capital appreciation for its
stockholders. However, the assets Two Harbors acquires may not appreciate in
value and, in fact, may decline in value, and the debt securities Two Harbors
acquires may default on interest and/or principal payments. Accordingly, Two
Harbors may not be able to realize gains or income from its assets. Any gains
that Two Harbors does realize may not be sufficient to offset any other losses
Two Harbors experiences. Any income that Two Harbors realizes may not be
sufficient to offset its expenses.
Two
Harbors has only identified a limited amount of specific assets.
As of the
date of this filing, Two Harbors had not fully invested the approximately $124
million in cash available to fund investments and operations that was released
to Two Harbors from Capitol’s Trust Account. Additionally, Two Harbors’
assets are selected by PRCM Advisers LLC and Two Harbors’ stockholders and
warrant holders do not have input into such decisions. These factors increase
the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in shares of Two Harbors’
common stock or warrants.
Until Two
Harbors has become fully invested, PRCM Advisers LLC may invest the funds
released from the Trust Account upon consummation of the merger with Capitol in
interest-bearing short-term investments, including money market accounts that
are consistent with Two Harbors’ intention to qualify as a REIT. These
investments are expected to provide a lower net return than Two Harbors seeks to
achieve from its target assets. Two Harbors expects to reallocate a portion of
the funds released from the Trust Account upon consummation of the merger into a
more diversified portfolio of assets within three months, subject to the
availability of appropriate opportunities. Suitable opportunities may not be
immediately available. Even if opportunities are available, there can be no
assurance that PRCM Advisers LLC’s due diligence processes will uncover all
relevant facts, including liabilities associated with potential assets or other
weaknesses in such assets, or that any investment will be
successful.
Prepayment
rates may adversely affect the value of Two Harbors’ portfolio of
assets.
The value
of Two Harbors’ assets may be affected by prepayment rates on mortgage loans.
Typically, the value of a mortgage-backed security includes market assumptions
regarding, among other things, the speed at which the underlying mortgages will
be prepaid. Generally, if the underlying mortgages are prepaid at a faster rate
than anticipated, the value of the RMBS will decline because the total payment
stream from the RMBS will be less. If Two Harbors purchases assets at a premium
to par value, when borrowers prepay their mortgage loans faster than expected,
the corresponding prepayments on the mortgage-related securities may reduce the
expected yield on such securities because Two Harbors will have to amortize the
related premium on an accelerated basis. Conversely, if Two Harbors purchases
assets at a discount to par value, when borrowers prepay their mortgage loans
slower than expected, the decrease in corresponding prepayments on the
mortgage-related securities may reduce the expected yield on such securities
because Two Harbors will not be able to accrete the related discount as quickly
as originally anticipated. Prepayment rates on loans may be affected by a number
of factors including the availability of mortgage credit, the relative economic
vitality of the area in which the related properties are located, the average
remaining life of the loans, the average size of the remaining loans, the
servicing of the mortgage loans, possible changes in tax laws, other
opportunities for investment, homeowner mobility and other economic, social,
geographic, demographic and legal factors. Consequently, such prepayment rates
cannot be predicted with certainty and no strategy can completely insulate Two
Harbors from prepayment or other such risks. In periods of declining interest
rates, prepayment rates on mortgage loans generally increase. If general
interest rates decline at the same time, the proceeds of such prepayments
received during such periods are likely to be reinvested by Two Harbors in
assets yielding less than the yields on the assets that were prepaid. In
addition, the market value of the assets may, because of the risk of prepayment,
benefit less than other fixed income securities from declining interest
rates.
Recent
market conditions may upset the historical relationship between interest rate
changes and prepayment trends, which would make it more difficult for Two
Harbors to analyze its portfolio of assets.
Two
Harbors’ success depends in part on its ability to analyze the relationship of
changing interest rates on prepayments of the mortgage loans that underlie its
assets. Changes in interest rates and prepayments affect the market price of the
assets that Two Harbors purchases and any asset that Two Harbors holds at a
given time. As part of Two Harbors’ overall portfolio risk management, Two
Harbors analyzes interest rate changes and prepayment trends separately and
collectively to assess their effects on Two Harbors’ portfolio of assets. In
conducting its analysis, Two Harbors depends on certain assumptions based upon
historical trends with respect to the relationship between interest rates and
prepayments under normal market conditions. If the recent dislocations in the
residential mortgage market or other developments change the way that prepayment
trends have historically responded to interest rate changes, Two Harbors’
ability to (1) assess the market value of its portfolio of assets,
(2) implement its hedging strategies and (3) implement techniques to
reduce its prepayment rate volatility would be significantly affected, which
could materially adversely affect Two Harbors’ financial position and results of
operations.
Two
Harbors may acquire RMBS collateralized by Subprime Mortgage Loans, which are
subject to increased risks.
Two
Harbors may acquire RMBS backed by collateral pools of Subprime Mortgage Loans,
which are mortgage loans that have been originated using underwriting standards
that are less conservative than those used in underwriting Prime Mortgage Loans
(mortgage loans that generally conform to Agency underwriting guidelines) and
Alt-A Mortgage Loans (mortgage loans made to borrowers whose qualifying mortgage
characteristics do not conform to Agency underwriting guidelines and generally
allow homeowners to qualify for a mortgage loan with reduced or alternate forms
of documentation). These lower standards include mortgage loans made to
borrowers having imperfect or impaired credit histories, mortgage loans where
the amount of the loan at origination is 80% or more of the value of the
mortgage property, mortgage loans made to borrowers with low credit scores,
mortgage loans made to borrowers who have other debt that represents a large
portion of their income and mortgage loans made to borrowers whose income is not
required to be disclosed or verified. Due to economic conditions, including
increased interest rates and lower home prices, as well as aggressive lending
practices, Subprime Mortgage Loans have in recent periods experienced increased
rates of delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy and loss, and they are likely to
continue to experience delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy and loss rates that
are higher, and that may be substantially higher, than those experienced by
mortgage loans underwritten in a more traditional manner. Thus, because of the
higher delinquency rates and losses associated with Subprime Mortgage Loans, the
performance of RMBS backed by Subprime Mortgage Loans that Two Harbors may
acquire could be correspondingly adversely affected, which could adversely
impact Two Harbors’ results of operations, financial condition and
business.
Two
Harbors’ portfolio of assets may be concentrated, and non-Agency assets will be
subject to risk of default.
While Two
Harbors intends to diversify its portfolio of assets, Two Harbors is not
required to observe specific diversification criteria, except as may be set
forth in the investment guidelines adopted by its board of directors. Therefore,
Two Harbors’ portfolio of assets may at times be concentrated in certain
property types that are subject to higher risk of foreclosure, or secured by
properties concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations. To the
extent that Two Harbors’ portfolio is concentrated in any one region or type of
security, downturns relating generally to such region or type of security may
result in defaults on a number of Two Harbors’ assets within a short time
period, which may reduce Two Harbors’ net income and the value of its shares or
warrants and accordingly reduce its ability to pay dividends to its
stockholders.
Two
Harbors’ subordinated RMBS assets may be in the “first loss” position,
subjecting it to greater risk of losses.
In
general, losses on a mortgage loan included in a securitization will be borne
first by the equity holder of the issuing trust, and then by the “first loss”
subordinated security holder and then by the “second loss” mezzanine holder. In
the event of default and the exhaustion of any classes of securities junior to
those which Two Harbors acquires and there is any further loss, Two Harbors will
not be able to recover all of its investment in the securities it purchases. In
addition, if the underlying mortgage portfolio has been overvalued by the
originator, or if the values subsequently decline and, as a result, less
collateral is available to satisfy interest and principal payments due on the
related RMBS, the securities which Two Harbors acquires may effectively become
the “first loss” position behind the more senior securities, which may result in
significant losses to Two Harbors. The prices of lower credit quality securities
are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than more highly rated
securities, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual
issuer developments. A projection of an economic downturn, for example, could
cause a decline in the price of lower credit quality securities because the
ability of obligors of mortgages underlying RMBS to make principal and interest
payments may be impaired. In such event, existing credit support in the
securitization structure may be insufficient to protect Two Harbors against loss
of its principal on these securities.
Increases
in interest rates could adversely affect the value of Two Harbors’ assets and
cause its interest expense to increase, which could result in reduced earnings
or losses and negatively affect Two Harbors’ profitability as well as the cash
available for distribution to its stockholders.
Two
Harbors focuses primarily on acquiring mortgage-related assets by purchasing
non-Agency RMBS, Agency RMBS, RMBS derivatives and other financial assets. In a
normal yield curve environment, some of these types of assets will generally
decline in value if long-term interest rates increase. Declines in market value
may ultimately reduce earnings or result in losses to Two Harbors, which may
negatively affect cash available for distribution to its
stockholders.
A
significant risk associated with these assets is the risk that both long-term
and short-term interest rates will increase significantly. If long-term rates
increased significantly, the market value of these assets could decline, and the
duration and weighted-average life of the assets could increase. Two Harbors
could realize a loss if the securities were sold. At the same time, an increase
in short-term interest rates would increase the amount of interest owed on the
repurchase agreements Two Harbors may enter into to finance the purchase of
these securities.
Market
values of Two Harbors’ assets may decline without any general increase in
interest rates for a number of reasons, such as increases or expected increases
in defaults, increases or expected increases in voluntary prepayments for those
assets that are subject to prepayment risk or widening of credit
spreads.
In
addition, in a period of rising interest rates, Two Harbors’ operating results
will depend in large part on the difference between the income from its assets,
net of credit losses, and financing costs. Two Harbors anticipates that, in most
cases, the income from such assets will respond more slowly to interest rate
fluctuations than the cost of its borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest
rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may significantly influence Two
Harbors’ net income. Increases in these rates will tend to decrease Two Harbors’
net income and market value of its assets.
Interest
rate fluctuations may adversely affect the value of Two Harbors’ assets, net
income and common stock.
Interest
rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and
tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations
and other factors beyond Two Harbors’ control. Interest rate fluctuations
present a variety of risks, including the risk of a narrowing of the difference
between asset yields and borrowing rates, flattening or inversion of the yield
curve and fluctuating prepayment rates, and may adversely affect Two Harbors’
income and the value of its common stock or warrants.
Some
of the assets in Two Harbors’ portfolio will be recorded at fair value (as
determined in accordance with Two Harbors’ pricing policy as approved by its
board of directors) and, as a result, there will be uncertainty as to the value
of these assets.
Some of
the assets in Two Harbors’ portfolio will be in the form of securities that are
not publicly traded. The fair value of securities and other assets that are not
publicly traded may not be readily determinable. Two Harbors will value these
assets quarterly at fair value, as determined in accordance with SFAS
No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”), which may include
unobservable inputs. Because such valuations are subjective, the fair value of
certain of Two Harbors’ assets may fluctuate over short periods of time and its
determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would
have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. The value of Two
Harbors’ common stock or warrants could be adversely affected if Two Harbors’
determinations regarding the fair value of these assets were materially higher
than the values that Two Harbors ultimately realizes upon their
disposal.
A
prolonged economic slowdown, a lengthy or severe recession or declining real
estate values could impair Two Harbors’ assets and harm its
operations.
Prior to
commencing its investment program on October 29, 2009, Two Harbors was not
burdened by the losses experienced by certain of its competitors as a result of
the current recession and declines in real estate values. However, the risks
associated with its business will be more severe during periods of future
economic slowdown or recession, especially if these periods are accompanied by
declining real estate values. Further, if the current economic slowdown persists
or worsens, Two Harbors will be subject to the same risks. Two Harbors’
non-Agency RMBS investments will be particularly sensitive to these
risks.
Declining
real estate values will likely reduce the level of new mortgage loan
originations because borrowers often use appreciation in the value of their
existing properties to support the purchase of additional properties. Borrowers
may also be less able to pay principal and interest on Two Harbors’ loans if the
value of real estate weakens. Further, declining real estate values
significantly increase the likelihood that Two Harbors will incur losses on its
loans in the event of default because the value of Two Harbors’ collateral may
be insufficient to cover its cost on the loan. Any sustained period of increased
payment delinquencies, foreclosures or losses could adversely affect both Two
Harbors’ net interest income from loans in its portfolio as well as Two Harbors’
ability to acquire and sell loans, which would significantly harm Two Harbors’
revenues, results of operations, financial condition, business prospects and Two
Harbors’ ability to make distributions to its stockholders.
The
non-Agency assets that Two Harbors acquires are subject to delinquency,
foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to Two Harbors.
Residential
mortgage loans are secured by single-family residential property and are subject
to risks of delinquency and foreclosure and risks of loss. The ability of a
borrower to repay a loan secured by a residential property typically is
dependent upon the income or assets of the borrower. A number of factors,
including a general economic downturn, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and
civil disturbances, may impair borrowers’ abilities to repay their loans. Owners
of Agency RMBS are protected from the risk of default on the underlying
mortgages by guarantees from federally chartered entities such as Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac and, in the case of the Government National Mortgage Association
(“Ginnie Mae”), the U.S. government. However, Two Harbors also acquires
non-Agency RMBS, which are backed by residential real property but, in contrast
to Agency RMBS, their principal and interest are not guaranteed by federally
chartered entities or the U.S. government.
In the
event of a default under a non-Agency mortgage loan in a pool of loans held by
Two Harbors, Two Harbors will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of
any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued
interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on Two
Harbors’ cash flow from operations. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage
loan borrower, the mortgage loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured
only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of
bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the
mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee
or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law.
Foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process which
could have a substantial negative effect on Two Harbors’ anticipated return on
the foreclosed mortgage loan.
Mortgage
loan modification programs and future legislative action may adversely affect
the value of, and the returns on, the assets that Two Harbors
acquires.
The U.S.
Government, through the Federal Reserve, the FHA and the FDIC, has commenced
implementation of programs designed to provide homeowners with assistance in
avoiding residential mortgage loan foreclosures. The programs may involve, among
other things, the modification of mortgage loans to reduce the principal amount
of the loans or the rate of interest payable on the loans, or to extend the
payment terms of the loans. In addition, some members of Congress have indicated
support for additional legislative relief for homeowners, including an amendment
of the bankruptcy laws to permit the modification of mortgage loans in
bankruptcy proceedings. The servicer will have the authority to modify mortgage
loans that are in default, or for which default is reasonably foreseeable, if
such modifications are in the best interests of the holders of the mortgage
securities and such modifications are done in accordance with the terms of the
relevant agreements. Loan modifications are more likely to be used when
borrowers are less able to refinance or sell their homes due to market
conditions, and when the potential recovery from a foreclosure is reduced due to
lower property values. A significant number of loan modifications could result
in a significant reduction in cash flows to the holders of the mortgage
securities on an ongoing basis. These loan modification programs, as well as
future legislative or regulatory actions, including amendments to the bankruptcy
laws, that result in the modification of outstanding mortgage loans may
adversely affect the value of, and the returns on, the assets that Two Harbors
acquires.
Two
Harbors’ non-real estate investments may subject it to various risks, including
credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk.
Two
Harbors intends to invest approximately 5% to 10% of its assets in certain
non-real estate investments, subject to compliance with applicable REIT and 1940
Act requirements. These non-real estate investments may include asset-backed
securities (“ABS”) collateralized by consumer or commercial receivables in
sectors such as auto, credit card and student loans. Investors in ABS bear
various risks, including credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity
risk, operations risk, structural risk and legal risk.
Credit
risk arises from losses due to defaults by the borrowers in the underlying
collateral and the ABS issuer’s or servicer’s failure to perform. These two
elements may be related, as, for example, in the case of a servicer which does
not provide adequate credit-review scrutiny to the serviced portfolio, leading
to higher incidence of defaults. Market risk arises from the cash flow
characteristics of the security, which for most ABS tend to be predictable. The
greatest variability in cash flows comes from credit performance, including the
presence of wind-down or acceleration features designed to protect the ABS
purchaser in the event that credit losses in the portfolio rise well above
expected levels. Interest rate risk arises for the ABS issuer from the
relationship between the pricing terms on the underlying collateral and the
terms of the rate paid to holders of the ABS and from the need to mark to market
the excess servicing or spread account proceeds carried on the balance sheet.
For the holder of the ABS, interest rate risk depends on the expected life of
the ABS which may depend on prepayments on the underlying assets or the
occurrence of wind-down or termination events. Liquidity risk may arise from an
increase in perceived credit risk. Other risks arise through the potential for
misrepresentation of loan quality or terms by the originating institution,
misrepresentation of the nature and current value of the assets by the servicer
and inadequate controls over disbursements and receipts by the
servicer.
Risks
Related to Two Harbors’ Organization and Structure
Certain
provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control.
Certain
provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) may have the effect
of deterring a third party from making a proposal to acquire Two Harbors or of
impeding a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could provide
the holders of shares of Two Harbors’ common stock with the opportunity to
realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such
shares.
Two
Harbors is subject to the “business combination” provisions of the MGCL that,
subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations (including a
merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the
statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities)
between Two Harbors and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any
person who beneficially owns 10% or more of Two Harbors’ then outstanding voting
stock or an affiliate or associate of Two Harbors who, at any time within the
two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10%
or more of the voting power of Two Harbors’ then outstanding voting stock) or an
affiliate thereof for five years after the most recent date on which the
stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. After the five-year prohibition,
any business combination between Two Harbors and an interested stockholder
generally must be recommended by Two Harbors’ board of directors and approved by
the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast
by holders of outstanding shares of Two Harbors’ voting stock; and
(2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock
of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with
whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held
by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. These super-majority
vote requirements do not apply if Two Harbors’ common stockholders receive a
minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of
cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the
interested stockholder for its shares. These provisions of the MGCL do not
apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a
board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an
interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, Two Harbors’ board of directors
has by resolution exempted business combinations between Two Harbors and any
person, provided that such business combination is first approved by Two
Harbors’ board of directors. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the
super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between
Two Harbors and any person. As a result, any person, including Pine River, may
be able to enter into business combinations with Two Harbors that may not be in
the best interests of Two Harbors’ stockholders, without compliance with the
super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the
statute.
The
“control share” provisions of the MGCL provide that “control shares” of a
Maryland corporation (defined as voting shares of stock which, when aggregated
with all other shares of stock controlled by the stockholder, entitle the
stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in
electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the
direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have
no voting rights except to the extent approved by Two Harbors’ stockholders by
the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast
on the matter, excluding votes entitled to be cast by the acquirer of control
shares, Two Harbors’ officers and Two Harbors’ employees who are also Two
Harbors’ directors. Two Harbors’ bylaws contain a provision exempting from the
control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of
shares of Two Harbors’ stock. There can be no assurance that this provision will
not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
The
“unsolicited takeover” provisions of the MGCL (Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL)
permit Two Harbors’ board of directors, without stockholder approval and
regardless of what is currently provided in Two Harbors’ charter or bylaws, to
implement takeover defenses, some of which (for example, a classified board) Two
Harbors does not currently have. These provisions may have the effect of
inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for Two Harbors or
of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Two Harbors under
circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of Two Harbors’
common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current
market price. Two Harbors’ charter contains a provision whereby Two Harbors has
elected to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL
relating to the filling of vacancies on its board of directors.
Two
Harbors’ authorized but unissued shares of common and preferred stock and the
ownership limitations contained in Two Harbors’ charter, may prevent a change in
Two Harbors’ control.
Two
Harbors’ charter authorizes Two Harbors to issue additional authorized but
unissued shares of common or preferred stock. In addition, Two Harbors’ board of
directors may, with the approval of a majority of the entire board and without
stockholder approval, amend its charter to increase or decrease the aggregate
number of shares of its stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or
series that Two Harbors has the authority to issue and classify or reclassify
any unissued shares of common or preferred stock and set the terms of the
classified or reclassified shares. As a result, Two Harbors’ board may establish
a series of shares of common or preferred stock that could delay or prevent a
transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for shares
of Two Harbors’ common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of its
stockholders.
In
addition, Two Harbors’ charter contains restrictions limiting the ownership and
transfer of shares of Two Harbors’ common stock and other outstanding shares of
capital stock. The relevant sections of Two Harbors’ charter provide that,
subject to certain exceptions described below, ownership of shares of Two
Harbors’ common stock by any person is limited to 9.8% by value or by number of
shares, whichever is more restrictive, of Two Harbors’ outstanding shares of
common stock (the common share ownership limit), and no more than 9.8% by value
or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of Two Harbors’ outstanding
capital stock (the aggregate share ownership limit). The common share ownership
limit and the aggregate share ownership limit are collectively referred to
herein as the “ownership limits.” These charter provisions will restrict the
ability of persons to purchase shares in excess of the relevant ownership
limits.
Two
Harbors’ charter contains provisions that make removal of its directors
difficult, which could make it difficult for Two Harbors’ stockholders to effect
changes in Two Harbors’ management.
Two
Harbors’ charter provides that, subject to the rights of any series of preferred
stock, a director may be removed only by the affirmative vote of at least
two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of
directors. Its bylaws provide that vacancies generally may be filled only by a
majority of the remaining directors in office, even if less than a quorum. These
requirements make it more difficult to change Two Harbors’ management by
removing and replacing directors and may prevent a change in Two Harbors’
control that is in the best interests of its stockholders.
Two
Harbors’ rights and your rights to take action against its directors and
officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions
not in your best interests.
As
permitted by Maryland law, Two Harbors’ charter eliminates the liability of its
directors and officers to Two Harbors and you for money damages, except for
liability resulting from:
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actual receipt of an improper
benefit or profit in money, property or services;
or
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a final judgment based upon a
finding of active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer
that was material to the cause of action
adjudicated.
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In
addition, Two Harbors’ charter authorizes Two Harbors to obligate itself to
indemnify its present and former directors and officers for actions taken by
them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Two
Harbors’ bylaws require Two Harbors to indemnify each present or former director
or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, who is made, or
threatened to be made, a party to any proceeding because of his or her service
to Two Harbors. In addition, Two Harbors may be obligated to fund the
defense costs incurred by its directors and officers.
Tax
Risks
Two
Harbors’ failure to qualify as a REIT would subject it to U.S. federal income
tax and potentially increased state and local taxes, which would reduce the
amount of cash available for distribution to its stockholders.
Two
Harbors has been organized and intends to operate in a manner that will enable
it to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with its
taxable year ending December 31, 2009. Two Harbors has not requested and
does not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the
“IRS”) that it qualifies as a REIT. The U.S. federal income tax laws governing
REITs are complex, and judicial and administrative interpretations of the U.S.
federal income tax laws governing REIT qualification are limited. To qualify as
a REIT, Two Harbors must meet, on an ongoing basis, various tests regarding the
nature of its assets and its income, the ownership of its outstanding shares,
and the amount of its distributions. Moreover, new legislation, court decisions
or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may
make it more difficult or impossible for Two Harbors to qualify as a REIT. Thus,
while Two Harbors intends to operate so that it will qualify as a REIT, given
the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance
of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in its
circumstances, no assurance can be given that it will so qualify for any
particular year. These considerations also might restrict the types of assets
that Two Harbors can acquire in the future.
If Two
Harbors fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and does not qualify for
certain statutory relief provisions, it would be required to pay U.S. federal
income tax on its taxable income, and distributions to its stockholders would
not be deductible by it in determining its taxable income. In such a case, Two
Harbors might need to borrow money or sell assets in order to pay its taxes. Two
Harbors’ payment of income tax would decrease the amount of its income available
for distribution to its stockholders. Furthermore, if Two Harbors fails to
maintain its qualification as a REIT, it no longer would be required to
distribute substantially all of its net taxable income to its stockholders. In
addition, unless Two Harbors were eligible for certain statutory relief
provisions, it could not re-elect to qualify as a REIT until the fifth calendar
year following the year in which it failed to qualify.
Complying
with REIT requirements may cause Two Harbors to forego otherwise attractive
investment opportunities or financing or hedging strategies.
To
qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Two Harbors must
continually satisfy various tests regarding the sources of its income, the
nature and diversification of its assets, the amounts it distributes to its
stockholders and the ownership of its stock. To meet these tests, Two Harbors
may be required to forego investments it might otherwise make. Two Harbors may
be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or
when it does not have funds readily available for distribution, and may be
unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to it in order
to satisfy the source of income or asset diversification requirements for
qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder Two
Harbors’ investment performance.
Complying
with REIT requirements may force Two Harbors to liquidate otherwise profitable
assets.
To
qualify as a REIT, Two Harbors must ensure that at the end of each calendar
quarter, at least 75% of the value of its assets consists of cash, cash items,
government securities and designated real estate assets, including certain
mortgage loans and shares in other REITs. Subject to certain exceptions,
Two Harbors’ ownership of securities, other than government securities and
securities that constitute real estate assets, generally cannot include more
than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10%
of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In
addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of Two Harbors’ assets, other
than government securities and securities that constitute real estate assets,
can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the
value of Two Harbors’ total securities can be represented by securities of one
or more TRSs. If Two Harbors fails to comply with these requirements at
the end of any calendar quarter after the first calendar quarter for which it
qualifies as a REIT, it must generally correct such failure within 30 days after
the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing its REIT
qualification. As a result, Two Harbors may be required to liquidate
otherwise profitable assets prematurely, which could reduce its return on
assets, which could adversely affect returns to its stockholders.
Potential
characterization of distributions or gain on sale may be treated as unrelated
business taxable income to tax exempt investors.
If
(i) all or a portion of Two Harbors’ assets are subject to the rules
relating to taxable mortgage pools, (ii) Two Harbors is a “pension held
REIT,” (iii) a tax exempt stockholder has incurred debt to purchase or hold
Two Harbors’ common stock, or (iv) Two Harbors purchases residual REMIC
interests that generate “excess inclusion income,” then a portion of the
distributions to and, in the case of a stockholder described in clause (iii),
gains realized on the sale of common stock by such tax exempt stockholder may be
subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under
the Code.
Complying
with REIT requirements may limit Two Harbors’ ability to hedge
effectively.
The REIT
provisions of the Code may limit Two Harbors’ ability to hedge its assets and
operations. Under these provisions, any income that Two Harbors generates from
transactions intended to hedge its interest rate and currency risks will
generally be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross
income tests if the instrument hedges interest rate risk or foreign currency
exposure on liabilities used to carry or acquire real estate or income or gain
that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income tests, and
such instrument is properly identified under applicable Treasury regulations. In
addition, any income from other hedges would generally constitute non-qualifying
income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. As a
result of these rules, Two Harbors may have to limit its use of hedging
techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which could result in greater
risks associated with interest rate or other changes than Two Harbors would
otherwise incur.
The
failure of a loan subject to a repurchase agreement to qualify as a real estate
asset would adversely affect Two Harbors’ ability to qualify as a
REIT.
Two
Harbors may enter into repurchase agreements under which it will nominally sell
certain of its loan assets to a counterparty and simultaneously enter into an
agreement to repurchase the sold assets. Two Harbors believes that it will be
treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the owner of the loan assets
that are the subject of any such agreement notwithstanding that such agreements
may transfer record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the term
of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS could assert that Two
Harbors did not own the loan assets during the term of the repurchase agreement,
in which case it could fail to qualify as a REIT.
REIT
distribution requirements could adversely affect Two Harbors’ ability to execute
its business plan and may require it to incur debt, sell assets or take other
actions to make such distributions.
In order
to qualify as a REIT, Two Harbors must distribute to its stockholders, each
calendar year, at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (including certain items
of non-cash income), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends
paid and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that Two Harbors satisfies
the 90% distribution requirement, but distributes less than 100% of its taxable
income, it is subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on Two Harbors’
undistributed income. In addition, Two Harbors will incur a 4% nondeductible
excise tax on the amount, if any, by which its distributions in any calendar
year are less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax
law.
Two Harbors intends to distribute its
net income to its stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the 90%
distribution requirement and to avoid both corporate income tax and the 4%
nondeductible excise tax. There is no requirement that Two Harbors’ TRSs
distribute their after-tax net income to it and such TRSs that Two Harbors forms
may, to the extent consistent with maintaining Two Harbors’ qualification as a
REIT, determine not to make any current distributions to it. Two Harbors’ taxable income may
substantially exceed its net income as determined by generally accepted
accounting principles (“GAAP”) or differences in timing between the recognition
of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur in which case Two
Harbor may have taxable income in excess of cash flow from its operating
activities. For example, capital losses will be deducted in determining Two
Harbors’ GAAP net income, but may not be deductible in computing its taxable
income. In addition, Two Harbors will likely invest in assets, including debt
instruments requiring it to recognize market discount income or accrue original
issue discount (“OID”), that generate taxable income in excess of economic
income or in advance of the corresponding cash flow from the assets, referred to
as “phantom income.” Although some types of phantom income are excluded to the
extent they exceed 5% of Two Harbors’ net income in determining the 90%
distribution requirement, Two Harbors may incur corporate income tax and the 4%
nondeductible excise tax with respect to any phantom income items if it does not
distribute those items on an annual basis. Finally, Two Harbors may be required
under the terms of the indebtedness that it incurs, whether to private lenders
or pursuant to government programs, to use cash received from interest payments
to make principal payment on that indebtedness, with the effect that Two Harbors
will recognize income but will not have a corresponding amount of cash available
for distribution to its stockholders.
As a
result of the foregoing, Two Harbors may generate less cash flow than taxable
income in a particular year and find it difficult or impossible to meet the REIT
distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In such circumstances, in
order to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal
corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax in that year, it may be
required to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (ii) borrow
on unfavorable terms, (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be
invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt or
(iv) make a taxable distribution of its shares as part of a distribution in
which stockholders may elect to receive shares or (subject to a limit measured
as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with the
REIT distribution requirements. Thus, compliance with the REIT distribution
requirements may require Two Harbors to take actions that may not otherwise be
advisable given existing market conditions and hinder Two Harbors’ ability to
grow, which could adversely affect the value of its common stock or
warrants.
Even
if Two Harbors qualifies as a REIT, it may be required to pay certain
taxes.
Even if
Two Harbors qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain U.S.
federal, state and local taxes on its income and assets, including taxes on any
undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result
of a foreclosure, and state or local income, franchise, property and transfer
taxes, including mortgage recording taxes. In addition, Two Harbors will hold
some of its assets through taxable subsidiary corporations, including Capitol
and any other TRSs. Capitol and any other TRSs or other taxable corporations in
which Two Harbors owns an interest will be subject to U.S. federal, state and
local corporate taxes. Payment of these taxes generally would reduce Two
Harbors’ cash flow and the amount available to distribute to its
stockholders.
Two
Harbors may choose to pay dividends in its own stock, in which case you may be
required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends you
receive.
Two
Harbors may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and shares of
its common stock at the election of each stockholder. Under IRS Revenue
Procedure 2009-15, up to 90% of any such taxable dividend for 2009 could be
payable in Two Harbors’ stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends
will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income
to the extent of Two Harbors’ current and accumulated earnings and profits for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may
be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the
cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives as a
dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the
amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market
price of Two Harbors’ stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore,
with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, Two Harbors may be required to withhold
U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a
portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a
significant number of Two Harbors’ stockholders decide to sell shares of Two
Harbors’ common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, such sales may
put downward pressure on the trading price of Two Harbors’ common
stock.
Further,
while Revenue Procedure 2009-15 applies only to taxable dividends payable in
cash or stock in 2009, it is unclear whether and to what extent Two Harbors will
be able to pay taxable dividends in cash and stock in later years. Moreover,
various aspects of such a taxable cash/stock dividend are uncertain and have not
yet been addressed by the IRS. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not
impose additional requirements in the future with respect to taxable cash/stock
dividends, including on a retroactive basis, or assert that the requirements for
such taxable cash/stock dividends have not been met.
Two
Harbors’ ability to invest in and dispose of “to be announced” securities could
be limited by Two Harbors’ REIT qualification, and Two Harbors could fail to
qualify as a REIT as a result of these investments.
Two
Harbors may purchase Agency RMBS through TBAs, or dollar roll transactions. In
certain instances, rather than take delivery of the Agency RMBS subject to a
TBA, Two Harbors may dispose of the TBA through a dollar roll transaction in
which it agrees to purchase similar securities in the future at a predetermined
price or otherwise, which may result in the recognition of income or gains. Two
Harbors will account for dollar roll transactions as purchases and sales. The
law is unclear regarding whether TBAs will be qualifying assets for the 75%
asset test and whether income and gains from dispositions of TBAs will be
qualifying income for the 75% gross income test.
Unless
Two Harbors is advised by counsel that TBAs should be treated as qualifying
assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, it will limit its investment in TBAs
and any other non-qualifying assets to no more than 25% of its total assets at
the end of any calendar quarter. Furthermore, until Two Harbors is advised by
counsel that income and gains from the disposition of TBAs should be treated as
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, it will limit its
gains from dispositions of TBAs and any other non-qualifying income to no more
than 25% of its total gross income for each calendar year. Accordingly, Two
Harbors’ ability to purchase Agency RMBS through TBAs and to dispose of TBAs,
through dollar roll transactions or otherwise, could be limited.
Moreover,
even if Two Harbors is advised by counsel that TBAs should be treated as
qualifying assets or that income and gains from dispositions of TBAs should be
treated as qualifying income, it is possible that the IRS could successfully
take the position that such assets are not qualifying assets and such income is
not qualifying income. In that event, Two Harbors could be subject to a penalty
tax or could fail to qualify as a REIT if (i) the value of Two Harbors’
TBAs, together with its non-qualifying assets for the 75% asset test, exceeded
25% of its gross assets at the end of any calendar quarter, or (ii) Two
Harbors’ income and gains from the disposition of TBAs, together with its
non-qualifying income for the 75% gross income test, exceeded 25% of its gross
income for any taxable year.
Although
Two Harbors’ use of TRS’s may be able to partially mitigate the impact of
meeting the requirements for qualification as a REIT, its ownership of and
relationship with its TRS’s is limited and a failure to comply with the limits
would jeopardize its REIT qualification and may result in the application of a
100% excise tax.
A REIT
may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRS’s. Other than certain
activities relating to lodging and healthcare facilities, a TRS generally may
engage in any business and may hold assets and earn income that would not be
qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the
subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A
corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the
voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS.
Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock
or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the TRS rules limit the
deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure
that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules
also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its
parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
Capitol
and other TRS’s that Two Harbors may form will pay U.S. federal, state and local
income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be
available for distribution to Two Harbors but are not required to be distributed
to Two Harbors. Two Harbors anticipates that the aggregate value of the
securities of its TRSs will be less than 25% of the value of its total assets
(including Two Harbors’ TRS securities). Furthermore, Two Harbors intends to
monitor the value of its respective investments in its TRS’s for the purpose of
ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations. In addition, it will review
all of its transactions with TRS’s to ensure that they are entered into on
arm’s-length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There
can be no assurance, however, that Two Harbors will be able to comply with the
25% limitation or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed
above.
Two
Harbors may be required to report taxable income with respect to certain of its
investments in excess of the economic income it ultimately realizes from
them.
Two
Harbors may acquire interests in debt instruments in the secondary market for
less than their face amount. The discount at which such interests in debt
instruments are acquired may reflect doubts about their ultimate collectability
rather than current market interest rates. The amount of such discount will
nevertheless generally be treated as “market discount” for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. Market discount on a debt instrument accrues based generally on
the assumption that all future payments on the debt instrument will be made.
Accrued market discount is reported as income when, and to the extent that, any
payment of principal of the debt instrument is made. In the case of residential
mortgage loans, principal payments are ordinarily made monthly, and
consequently, accrued market discount may have to be included in income each
month as if the debt instrument were assured of ultimately being collected in
full. If Two Harbors collects less on a debt instrument than its purchase price
plus the market discount it had previously reported as income, it may not be
able to benefit from any offsetting loss deduction in a subsequent taxable
year.
Similarly,
some of the mortgage-backed securities that Two Harbors purchases will likely
have been issued with OID. Two Harbors will be required to report such OID based
on a constant yield method and income will accrue based on the assumption that
all future projected payments due on such mortgage-backed securities will be
made. If such mortgage-backed securities turn out not to be fully collectible,
an offsetting loss deduction will become available only in the later year in
which uncollectibility is provable.
Finally,
in the event that any debt instruments or mortgage-backed securities acquired by
Two Harbors are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or
in the event a borrower with respect to a particular debt instrument acquired by
Two Harbors encounters financial difficulty rendering it unable to pay stated
interest as due, Two Harbors may nonetheless be required to continue to
recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income as it accrues, despite doubt as
to its ultimate collectibility. Similarly, Two Harbors may be required to accrue
interest income with respect to subordinate mortgage-backed securities at their
stated rate regardless of whether corresponding cash payments are received or
are ultimately collectible. In each case, while Two Harbors would in general
ultimately have an offsetting loss deduction available to it when such interest
was determined to be uncollectible; the utility of that deduction would depend
on Two Harbors having taxable income in that later year or
thereafter.
Dividends
payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividend
income from regular corporations, which could adversely affect the value of Two
Harbors’ shares or warrants.
The
maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for certain qualified dividends payable to
domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 15% (through
2010). Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the
reduced rates and therefore may be subject to a 35% maximum U.S. federal income
tax rate on ordinary income. Although the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate
applicable to dividend income from regular corporate dividends does not
adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more
favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors
who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be
relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT
corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the
shares of REITs, including Two Harbors’ shares.
Two
Harbors may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that
could reduce the market price of its shares or warrants.
At any
time, the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITs or the
administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be changed,
possibly with retroactive effect. Two Harbors cannot predict if or when any new
U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any
amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or
administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective
or whether any such law, regulation or interpretation may take effect
retroactively. Two Harbors and its stockholders or warrantholders could be
adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax
law, regulation or administrative interpretation.
Risks
Related to the Securities of Two Harbors
Future
issuances and sales of shares of Two Harbors’ common stock may depress the
market price of Two Harbors’ common stock or warrants or have adverse
consequences for Two Harbors’ stockholders or warrantholders.
Two
Harbors’ charter provides that Two Harbors may issue up to 450,000,000 shares of
common stock. As of the date of this filing, 13,379,209 shares of common stock
were issued and outstanding and 33,249,000 warrants to purchase up to 33,249,000
shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. Two Harbors’ 2009 equity
incentive plan provides for grants of restricted common stock and other
equity-based awards, subject to a ceiling of 200,000 shares available for
issuance under the plan. In connection with the closing of the merger with
Capitol, Two Harbors granted 22,159 shares of restricted common stock to its
independent directors pursuant to the 2009 equity incentive plan. The shares of
restricted common stock granted to the independent directors will vest as
follows: one-third on each of the first anniversary of the date of grant, the
second anniversary of the date of grant and the third anniversary of the date of
grant, provided in each case such director is serving as a board member on the
vesting date.
Two
Harbors cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of its common stock,
or the availability of shares for future sales, on the market price of its
common stock or warrants. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock or the
perception that such sales could occur may adversely affect the prevailing
market price for Two Harbors’ common stock or warrants.
Also, Two
Harbors may issue additional shares in subsequent public offerings or private
placements to acquire new assets or for other purposes. Two Harbors is not
required to offer any such shares to existing stockholders on a preemptive
basis. Therefore, it may not be possible for existing stockholders to
participate in such future share issuances, which may dilute the existing
stockholders’ interests in Two Harbors.
Two
Harbors has not established a minimum distribution payment level and Two Harbors
cannot assure you of its ability to pay distributions in the
future.
Two
Harbors intends to pay quarterly distributions and to make distributions to its
stockholders in an amount such that Two Harbors distributes all or substantially
all of its REIT taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments. Two
Harbors has not established a minimum distribution payment level and its ability
to pay distributions may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including
the risk factors described herein. All distributions will be made,
subject to Maryland law, at the discretion of Two Harbors’ board of directors
and will depend on Two Harbors’ earnings, its financial condition, any debt
covenants, maintenance of its REIT qualification and other factors as its board
of directors may deem relevant from time to time. Two Harbors believes that a
change in any one of the following factors could adversely affect its results of
operations and impair its ability to pay distributions to its
stockholders:
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the
profitability of the assets acquired with the funds released from the
Trust Account upon consummation of the merger with
Capitol;
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•
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Two
Harbors’ ability to make profitable
acquisitions;
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•
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margin
calls or other expenses that reduce Two Harbors’ cash
flow;
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•
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defaults
in Two Harbors’ asset portfolio or decreases in the value of its
portfolio; and
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•
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the
fact that anticipated operating expense levels may not prove accurate, as
actual results may vary from
estimates.
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Two
Harbors cannot assure you that Two Harbors will achieve results that will allow
Two Harbors to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year
increases in cash distributions in the future. In addition, some of Two Harbors’
distributions may include a return in capital.
Two
Harbors’ warrants may be exercised in the future, which would increase the
number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market.
Outstanding
redeemable warrants to purchase an aggregate of 26,249,000 shares of Two Harbors
common stock (issued in connection with the conversion, pursuant to the merger,
of the Capitol warrants issued in Capitol’s initial public offering) and
warrants to purchase an aggregate of 7,000,000 shares of common stock (issued in
connection with the conversion, pursuant to the merger, of the warrants sold to
Capitol’s officers, directors and stockholders prior to Capitol’s initial public
offering simultaneously with the consummation of such initial public offering)
are currently exercisable at an exercise price of $11.00 per share. The warrant
exercise price may be lowered under certain circumstances, including, among
others, in the sole discretion of Two Harbors at any time prior to the
expiration date of the warrants for a period of not less than ten business days;
provided, however, that any such reduction shall be identical in percentage
terms among all of the warrants. These warrants likely will be exercised if the
market price of the shares of Two Harbors’ common stock equals or exceeds the
warrant exercise price. Therefore, as long as warrants remain outstanding, there
will be a drag on any increase in the price of Two Harbors’ common stock in
excess of the warrant exercise price. To the extent such warrants are exercised,
additional shares of Two Harbors common stock will be issued, which would dilute
the ownership of existing stockholders. Further, if these warrants are exercised
at any time in the future at a price lower than the book value per share of Two
Harbors’ common stock, existing stockholders could suffer substantial dilution
of their investment, which dilution could increase in the event the warrant
exercise price is lowered. Additionally, if Two Harbors were to lower the
exercise price in the near future, the likelihood of this dilution could be
accelerated.
Two
Harbors’ stock or warrant price could fluctuate and could cause you to lose a
significant part of your investment.
The
market price of Two Harbors’ securities may be influenced by many factors, some
of which are beyond its control, including those described above and the
following:
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changes
in financial estimates by analysts;
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fluctuations
in its quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of
companies perceived to be similar to it;
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general
economic conditions;
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changes
in market valuations of similar companies;
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•
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terrorist
acts;
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changes
in its capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the
incurrence of additional debt;
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future
sales of its common stock;
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regulatory
developments in the United States, foreign countries or
both;
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litigation
involving Two Harbors, its subsidiaries or its general industry;
and
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additions
or departures of key personnel at PRCM Advisers LLC or Pine
River.
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Item
2. Unregistered Sales of
Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On
October 28, 2009, Two Harbors granted 22,159 shares of restricted common stock
to its independent directors pursuant to Two Harbors’ 2009 equity incentive
plan. The estimated fair value of these awards was $9.59 per share, based on the
closing price of Capitol’s common stock on the NYSE Amex on such date. The
grants will vest in three annual installments commencing on the date of the
grant, as long as such director is serving as a board member on the vesting
date. Such grants were exempt from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.
Item
3. Defaults Upon Senior
Securities
None
Item
4. Submission of Matters to a
Vote of Security Holders
None
Item
5. Other
Information
None
Item
6.
Exhibits
Exhibits
– The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index of Exhibits are filed or
incorporated by reference as a part of this report. Such Index is
incorporated herein by reference.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereto
duly authorized.
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TWO
HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
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Dated:
December 11, 2009
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By:
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Thomas
Siering
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Chief
Executive Officer, President and
Director
(principal executive officer)
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Dated:
December 11, 2009
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By:
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Jeffrey
Stolt
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Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal
accounting and financial officer)
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Exhibit number
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Exhibit
description
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2.1
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Agreement
and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 11, 2009, by and among Capitol
Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp., Two Harbors Merger Corp.
and Pine River Capital Management L.P. (incorporated by reference to Annex
A filed with Pre Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-160199), which was filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 8, 2009 (“Amendment
No. 4”)).
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2.2
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Amendment
No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 17, 2009, by and
among Capitol Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp., Two Harbors
Merger Corp. and Pine River Capital Management L.P. (incorporated by
reference to Annex A-2 filed with Amendment No. 4).
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2.3
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Amendment
No. 2 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 20, 2009, by
and among Capitol Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp., Two
Harbors Merger Corp. and Pine River Capital Management L.P. (incorporated
by reference to Annex A-3 filed with Amendment No. 4).
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3.1
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Articles
of Amendment and Restatement of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated
by reference to Annex B filed with Amendment No. 4).
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3.2
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Bylaws
of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by reference to Annex C
filed with Amendment No. 4).
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4.1
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Form
of Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust
Company and Capitol Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.4 filed with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Capitol
Acquisition Corp.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-144834), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on October 18, 2007).
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4.2
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Specimen
Common Stock Certificate of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 filed with Amendment No. 4).
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4.3
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Specimen
Warrant Certificate of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.3 filed with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-160199),
which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 5,
2009).
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4.4
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Supplement
and Amendment to Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer
& Trust Company, Capitol Acquisition Corp. and Two Harbors Investment
Corp. (incorporated by reference to Annex G filed with Amendment No.
4).
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10.1
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Form
of Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Annex D filed with
Amendment No. 4).
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10.2
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Form
of Voting and Support Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
filed with Capitol Acquisition Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 11,
2009).
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10.3
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Form
of Sub-Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2
filed with Capitol Acquisition Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 12,
2009).
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10.4
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Form
of Shared Facilities and Services Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 filed with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-160199), which was filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 28, 2009 (“Amendment
No. 2”)).
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10.5
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Form
of 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9
filed with Amendment No. 4).
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10.6
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Form
of Restricted Common Stock Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.10.1 filed with Amendment No. 4).
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10.7
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Form
of Phantom Share Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10.2 filed
with Amendment No. 4).
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10.8
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Letter
agreement, dated June 10, 2009, between Capitol Acquisition Corp. and
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
filed with Capitol Acquisition Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 21,
2009).
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10.9
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Registration
Rights Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and among Two Harbors
Investment Corp., Capitol Acquisition Corp. and certain persons listed on
Schedule 1 thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with
the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on October 28, 2009 (the “Merger Closing
8-K”)).
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10.10
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Letter
Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and between Two Harbors
Investment Corp. and Integrated Holding Group LP (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Merger Closing
8-K).
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10.11
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Letter
Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2009, by and among Two Harbors
Investment Corp., Federated Kaufmann Fund, Federated Kaufmann Fund II and
Federated Kaufmann Growth Fund (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
filed with the Merger Closing 8-K).
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10.12
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Letter
Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and between Two Harbors
Investment Corp. and Whitebox Special Opportunities Fund, LP Series A
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with the Merger Closing
8-K).
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10.13
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Letter
Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and between Capitol
Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp. and Ladenburg Thalmann
& Co. Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 filed with the
Merger Closing 8-K).
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10.14
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Form
of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K dated November 19,
2009)
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31.1
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Certification
of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the
Securities Exchange Act of
1934.
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31.2
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Certification
of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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32.1
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Certification
of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
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32.2
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Certification
of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
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